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Electromagnetic Fields and Waves: Including Electric Circuits

Paul Lorrain, Dale R. Corson

Chapter 33

Guided Waves I - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

02:31

Problem 1

The field inside a coaxial line
(a) Sketch a rather large cross-sectional view of a coaxial line in a plane containing the axis. Show lines of $\boldsymbol{E}$ and of $\boldsymbol{H}$ at a given instant over at least one wavelength. The lines should be most closely spaced where the field is strongest. Indicate the directions of the fields by means of arrow heads. The direction of propagation should point to the right.
(b) Add arrows at various points to represent Poynting vectors, using longer arrows where the power flow is larger. Assume that the length of the arrow represents the magnitude of the Poynting vector at its midpoint.
(c) Sketch a cross-sectional view of the coaxial line in a plane perpendicular to the axis, and show lines of $\boldsymbol{E}$ and of $\boldsymbol{H}$ at a particular instant. Relate this plane to the figure you drew in (a).
(d) Add plus and minus signs to both figures to show the surface charges. The spacing between the signs should indicate qualitatively the relative magnitude of the surface charge density.
(e) Now add arrows of various lengths to your first figure to represent surface current densities.
(f) How do the current patterns change with time?

Dominador Tan
Dominador Tan
Numerade Educator
01:22

Problem 2

The current and the charge density in a coaxial line Show that, in a coaxial line of infinite conductivity, the current is equal to the linear charge density multiplied by the speed of propagation.

Khoobchandra Agrawal
Khoobchandra Agrawal
Numerade Educator
00:45

Problem 3

The characteristic impedance of a coaxial line
It is known from transmission-line theory that the characteristic impedance of a line is given by $Z_{c}=\left(L^{\prime} / C^{\prime}\right)^{1 / 2}$, where $L^{\prime}$ and $C^{\prime}$ are, respectively, the inductance and capacitance per meter. Show that this applies to the coaxial line.

Hast Aggarwal
Hast Aggarwal
Numerade Educator
01:51

Problem 4

Eliminating reflection at the end of a coaxial line
An air-insulated coaxial line is terminated by a sheet whose surface resistance is 377 ohms per square (Prob. 4-9).

Show that the resistance of the termination is equal to the characteristic impedance of the line. There is then no reflection at the end of the line.

Surendra Kumar
Surendra Kumar
Numerade Educator
02:55

Problem 5

Predicting the characteristic impedance of a TEM guide
One important parameter of a TEM waveguide is its characteristic impedance $Z_{c}=\left(L^{\prime} / C^{\prime}\right)^{1 / 2}$, where $L^{\prime}$ and $C^{\prime}$ are, respectively, the inductance and the capacitance per meter of guide (Prob. 33-3).
In designing such lines it is important to predict the values of $L^{\prime}$ and of $C^{\prime} .$ If the geometry is such that these quantities are difficult to calculate, as in Fig. 33-6(a), one can perform the following measurements on a resistance-sheet analog.
Show that, if the material has a conductivity $\sigma$ and a thickness $s$, and if the permittivity of the dielectric is $\epsilon$, then $R_{1} C^{\prime}=\epsilon / s \sigma$.
(b) One can measure $L^{\prime}$ as in Fig. 33-6(c) by measuring the resistance $R_{2}$ between electrodes $C$ and $D$.
Show that $R_{2} L^{\prime}=\mu_{0} / s \sigma$. Thus $Z_{c}=\left(\mu_{0} / \epsilon\right)^{1 / 2}\left(R_{1} / R_{2}\right)^{1 / 2}$.
(a) One can find the value of $C^{\prime}$ by cutting out a sheet of resistive material in the shape of the cross section of the dielectric as in Fig. 33-6(b) and by measuring the resistance $R_{1}$ between electrodes $A$ and $B$. See Prob. 9-10.

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
09:02

Problem 6

Figure $33-5$ shows a cross section of a microstrip line.
(a) Sketch lines of $\boldsymbol{E}$ and of $\boldsymbol{H}$. Use arrows to show the directions of $\boldsymbol{E}$ and $\boldsymbol{H}$ at a given time. Show the direction of propagation.
(b) In practice, the width $b$ of the strip is much larger than its distance $h$ to the grounded plane, and edge effects are small. Show that the instantaneous value $I V$ of the transmitted power is equal to the Poynting vector integrated over the cross section bh. Assume that there is no reflected wave.
(c) Show that the characteristic impedance $\mathscr{V} / I$ is equal to $(\mu / \epsilon)^{1 / 2} h / b$.
(d) Show that one arrives at the same result if one defines the characteristic impedance as in Prob. 33-3.
(e) Show that the addition of a second grounded plane placed symmetrically with the first reduces the characteristic impedance by a factor of 2 .

Ameer Said
Ameer Said
Numerade Educator
01:29

Problem 7

Calculate the transmitted power when the voltage across the microstrip line of Fig. 33-6 is $\mathcal{V}$. Disregard edge effects, and assume that there is no reflected wave.

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator