Biology: The Dynamic Science

Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter 8

Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

What is the final acceptor for electrons in cellular respiration?
a. oxygen
b. ATP
c. carbon dioxide
d. hydrogen
e. water

Bryan Valdivia

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

In glycolysis:
a. $\quad$ free oxygen is required for the reactions to occur.
b. ATP is used when glucose and fructose- 6 -phosphate are phosphorylated, and ATP is synthesized when 3-phosphoglycerate and pyruvate are formed.
c. the enzymes that move phosphate groups on and off the molecules are uncoupling proteins.
d. the product with the highest potential energy in the pathway is pyruvate.
e. the end product of glycolysis moves to the electron transfer system.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which of the following statements about phosphofructokinase is false?
a. It is located and has its main activity in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
b. It can be inhibited by NADH to slow glycolysis.
c. It can be inactivated by ATP at an inhibitory site on its surface.
d. It can be activated by ADP at an excitatory site on its surface.
e. It can cause ADP to form.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Which of the following statements is false? Imagine that you ingested three chocolate bars just before sitting down to study this chapter. Most likely:
a. your brain cells are using ATP.
b. there is no deficit of the initial substrate to begin glycolysis.
c. the respiratory processes in your brain cells are moving atoms from glycolysis through the citric acid cycle to the electron transfer system.
d. after a couple of hours, you change position and stretch to rest certain muscle cells, which removes lactate from these muscles.
e. after 2 hours, your brain cells are oxygen-deficient.

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 5

If ADP is produced in excess in cellular respiration, this excess ADP will:
a. bind glucose to turn off glycolysis.
b. bind glucose- 6 -phosphate to turn off glycolysis.
c. bind phosphofructokinase to turn on or keep glycolysis turned on.
d. cause lactate to form.
e. increase oxaloacetate binding to increase NAD $^{+}$ production.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Which of the following statements is false? In cellular respiration:
a. one molecule of glucose can produce about 32 ATP.
b. oxygen combines directly with glucose to form carbon dioxide.
c. a series of energy-requiring reactions is coupled to a series of energy-releasing reactions.
d. NADH and $\mathrm{FADH}_{2}$ allow $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ to be pumped across the inner $\mathrm{r}$ mitochondrial membrane.
e. drial membrane.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

You are reading this text while breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide arises from:
a. glucose in glycolysis.
b. $\quad \mathrm{NAD}^{+}$ redox reactions in the mitochondrial matrix.
c. NADH redox reactions on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
d. $\quad \mathrm{FADH}_{2}$ in the electron transfer system.
e. the oxidation of pyruvate, isocitrate, and $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate in the citric acid cycle.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

In the citric acid cycle:
a. $\quad$ NADH and $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ are produced when $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate is both produced and metabolized.
b. ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation.
c. to progress from a four-carbon molecule to a six-carbon molecule, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ enters the cycle.
d. $\quad \mathrm{FADH}_{2}$ is formed when succinate is converted to oxaloacetate.
the cycle "turns" once for each molecule of glucose metabolized.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

For each NADH produced from the citric acid cycle, about how many ATP are formed?
a. 38
b. 36
c. 32
d. 2.5
e. 2.0

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

In the 1950 s, a diet pill that had the effect of "poisoning" ATP synthase was tried. The person taking it could not use glucose and "lost weight" - and ultimately his or her life. Today, we know that the immediate effect of poisoning ATP synthase is:
a. ATP would not be made in the electron transfer system.
b. $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ movement across the inner mitochondrial membrane would increase.
c. more than 32 ATP could be produced from a molecule of glucose.
d. ADP would be united with phosphate more readily in the mitochondria.
e. ATP would react with oxygen.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator