Chapter Questions
The stage of prenatal development during which the developing organism is most vulnerable to injury is the:A. zygotic stage.B. germinal stage.C. embryonic stage.D. fetal stage.
The cephalocaudal trend in the motor development of children can be described simply as a:A. head-to-foot direction.B. center-outward direction.C. foot-to-head direction.D. body-appendages direction.
Developmental norms:A. can be used to make extremely precise predictions about the age at which an individual child will reach various developmental milestones.B. indicate the maximum age at which a child can reach a particular developmental milestone and still be considered "normal."C. indicate the average age at which individuals reach various developmental milestones.D. involve both a and b.
When the development of the same subjects is studied over a period of time, the study is called a:A. cross-sectional study.B. life history study.C. longitudinal study.D. sequential study.
The quality of infant-caregiver attachment depends:A. on the quality of bonding in the first few hours of life.B. exclusively on the infant's temperament.C. on the interaction between the infant's temperament and the caregiver's responsiveness.D. on how stranger anxiety is handled.
During the second year of life, toddlers begin to take some personal responsibility for feeding, dressing, and bathing themselves in an attempt to establish what Erikson calls a sense of:A. superiority.B. industry.C. generativity.D. autonomy.
Five-year-old David watches as you pour water from a short, wide glass into a tall, narrow one. He says there is now more water than before. This response demonstrates that:A. David understands the concept of conservation.B. David does not understand the concept of conservation.C. David's cognitive development is "behind" for his age.D. both b and c are the case.
Which of the following is not one of the criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?A. Piaget may have underestimated the cognitive skills of children in some areas.B. Piaget may have underestimated the influence of environmental factors on cognitive development.C. The mixing of stages raises questions about the value of organizing development in stages.D. Evidence for the theory is based on children's answers to questions.
If a child's primary reason for not drawing pictures on the living room wall with crayons is to avoid the punishment that would inevitably follow this behavior, she would be said to be at which level of moral development?A. conventionalB. postconventionalC. preconventionalD. unconventional
The portion of the brain that appears to be the last area to mature fully is the:A. hypothalamus.B. corpus callosum.C. prefrontal cortex.D. occipital lobe.
Girls who mature __________ and boys who mature __________ seem to experience more subjective distress and emotional difficulties with the transition to adolescence.A. early; earlyB. early; lateC. late; earlyD. late; late
Sixteen-year-old Foster wants to spend a few years experimenting with different lifestyles and careers before he settles on who and what he wants to be. Foster's behavior illustrates the identity status of:A. identity moratorium.B. identity foreclosure.C. identity achievement.D. identity diffusion.
Which of the following does not decline with age?A. speed of information processingB. memoryC. crystallized intelligenceD. fluid intelligence
Males have been found to differ slightly from females in three welldocumented areas of mental abilities. Which of the following is not one of these?A. verbal abilityB. mathematical abilityC. intelligenceD. visual-spatial abilities
Although the data are inconsistent, some research suggests that males exhibit ____________ than males.A. less cerebral specialization; smaller corpus callosumB. less cerebral specialization; larger corpus callosumC. more cerebral specialization; smaller corpus callosumD. more cerebral specialization; larger corpus callosum