Chapter Questions
Where does fertilization usually take place? How many chromosomes are present in a human zygote? Explain what happens during cleavage, and describe the blastocyst stage. (p. 472)
Describe the process of implantation, and state where this takes place. (pp. 472-473)
How long is the period of embryonic growth? How long is the period of fetal growth? (pp. 473,476 )
Name two body structures derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. (p. 475)
Name the embryonic membrane with each of these functions: (pp. 473-474)a. Forms the fetal portion of the placentab. Contains fluid to cushion the embryoc. Forms the first blood cells for the embryo
Explain the function of: placenta, umbilical arteries, and umbilical vein. (p. 476)
Explain the functions of the placental hormones: $h \mathrm{CG}$, progesterone, and estrogen and progesterone (together). (pp. $477-478$ )
Describe the three stages of labor, and name the important hormone. (p. 479)
Describe the major pulmonary and circulatory changes that occur in the infant after birth. (pp. $479-480$ )
What is the genetic material of chromosomes? Explain what a gene is. Explain why a person has two genes for each protein or trait. (p. 482)
Define homologous pairs, autosomes, and sex chromosomes. (p. 482)
Define allele, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, and phenotype. (p. 482)
Genetics Problem: Mom is heterozygous for brown eyes, and Dad has blue eyes. What is the percent chance that a child will have blue eyes? Brown eyes? (p. 483 )
Genetics Problem: Mom is homozygous for type A blood, and Dad is heterozygous for type B blood. What is the percent chance that a child will have type AB blood? Type A? Type B? Type O? (pp. 483,485 )
Genetics Problem: Mom is red-green color blind, and Dad has normal color vision. What is the percent chance that a son will be color blind? That a daughter will be color blind? That a daughter will be a carrier? (pp. 485,486 )