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A Kinetic View of Statistical Physics

Pavel L. Krapivsky, Sidney Redner, Eli Ben-Naim

Chapter 11

Hysteresis - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

03:12

Problem 1

Show that for the mean-field ferromagnet, the magnitude of the coercive field is given by $(11.5)$
Hint: To determine $H_{*}$ and $m_{*}=\sqrt{1-T}$ use the validity of $(11.4)$ at the point $\left(-m_{*}, H_{*}\right)$ in the $m-H$ plane, together with the fact that at $\left(-m_{*}, H_{*}\right)$ the curve $F(m)=\tanh [(m+H) / T]$ has a slope equal to 1 when this curve touches the diagonal.

Prachita Kush
Prachita Kush
Numerade Educator
01:04

Problem 2

Show that the second term in the expansion (11.10) is given by
$$
m_{2}=-\left[\frac{d m_{1}}{d \tau}+m_{1}^{2} \frac{m_{0}\left(1-m_{0}^{2}\right)}{T^{2}}\right]\left[1-\frac{1-m_{0}^{2}}{T}\right]^{-1}
$$
where $m_{0}$ and $m_{1}$ are found from (11.13).

AG
Ankit Gupta
Numerade Educator
04:37

Problem 3

$11.3$ Show that the second term in the expansion (11.15) satisfies
$$
\frac{d m_{2}}{d \tau}=-m_{1}+\frac{m_{1}}{T}\left[1-\tanh ^{2}\left(\frac{H \sin \tau}{T}\right)\right]
$$
and that the above equation admits a periodic solution if
$$
\int_{0}^{2 \pi} m_{1}(\tau) d \tau=\int_{0}^{2 \pi} \frac{m_{1}(\tau)}{T}\left[1-\tanh ^{2}\left(\frac{H \sin \tau}{T}\right)\right] d \tau
$$

Nadir Musofer
Nadir Musofer
Numerade Educator
01:29

Problem 4

11.4 The goal of this problem is to show that the constant $C$ that appears in $(11.25)$ well-defined and positive, i.e. that the integral $I_{0}=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} M_{0}(\theta) d \theta$ exists and negative.
(a) Establish the divergence of $M_{0}(\theta)$ for large $|\theta|$. Namely, using $(11.23)$ deduce tl asymptotic
$$
M_{0} \rightarrow(3 \theta)^{1 / 3}-(3 \theta)^{-4 / 3} \quad \text { as }|\theta| \rightarrow \infty
$$
(b) Establish the validity of the relation $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}(3 \theta)^{1 / 3} d \theta=0 .$ (The integra $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}(\ldots) d \theta$ are defined as $\left.\lim _{\Theta \rightarrow \infty} \int_{-\Theta}^{\Theta}(\ldots) d \theta .\right)$
(c) Using the above relation rewrite $I_{0}$ as the integral $I_{0}=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} w(\theta) d \theta$ with $w(\theta)$ $M_{0}(\theta)-(3 \theta)^{1 / 3} .$ Show that the asymptotic behavior of the function $w(\theta)$ impli that it is integrable, and hence the integral $I_{0}$ exists.
(d) To establish that the integral $I_{0}$ is negative it suffices to show that $w(\theta)$ is negativ This fact can be derived as follows:
(i) Recall that $w(\theta)$ is negative for $\theta \rightarrow-\infty$.
(ii) Using this previous assertion show that, if $w(\theta)$ is somewhere positive, the would be a first point $\vartheta$ where $w(\vartheta)=0 .$ Argue that the derivative $w^{\prime}(i$ at this point should be non-negative, since the graph of $w(\theta)$ crosses $w=$ from below at point $\vartheta$
(iii) Show by direct computation that
$$
\frac{d w}{d \theta}=\frac{d M_{0}}{d \theta}-(3 \theta)^{-2 / 3}=\theta-\frac{1}{3} M_{0}^{3}-(3 \theta)^{-2 / 3}
$$
Using this result, in conjunction with the presumed relation $M_{0}(\vartheta)$ $(3 \vartheta)^{1 / 3}$, deduce that the derivative at point $\vartheta$ is $w^{\prime}(\vartheta)=-(3 \vartheta)^{-2 / 3}$, i.e. is negative. This contradiction proves that $w$ is indeed negative.

Manik Pulyani
Manik Pulyani
Numerade Educator
01:38

Problem 5

This problem is concerned with hysteresis in the ferromagnetic Ising chain in the limit of small field: $H \ll \min (J, T)$.
(a) Show that in the low-frequency limit, $\Omega \ll 1-\gamma$, Eq. (11.30) simplifies to
$$
\chi \equiv \frac{M}{H}=\frac{1}{T} \frac{1-\eta^{2}}{1+\eta^{2}} \frac{1}{1-\gamma}=\frac{1}{T} \frac{1-\eta}{1+\eta}=\frac{1}{T} \exp \left(\frac{2 J}{T}\right)
$$
(b) Verify that the above expression coincides with the standard expression for the static susceptibility $\chi=M / H$ of the ferromagnetic Ising chain.

Penny Riley
Penny Riley
Numerade Educator
08:27

Problem 6

11.6 Consider the mean-field RFIM with coupling constant $1 / N$ between all pairs of spins at zero temperature.
(a) Show that for the uniform disorder distribution (11.32), the magnetization is given by (11.33).
(b) Establish the asymptotic behavior (11.37) of magnetization for the exponential disorder distribution.
(c) Consider the Gaussian distribution
$$
\rho\left(h_{i}\right)=\left(2 \pi \Delta^{2}\right)^{-1 / 2} \exp \left(-\frac{\left|h_{i}\right|^{2}}{2 \Delta^{2}}\right)
$$
of random fields. Verify the critical disorder strength is $\Delta_{c}=\sqrt{2 / \pi}$. Show that when the hysteresis loop is absent, $\Delta \geq \Delta_{c}$, the magnetization exhibits the following asymptotic behavior:
$$
m= \begin{cases}\left(\frac{\Delta}{\Delta_{c}}-1\right)^{-1} h+\mathcal{O}\left(h^{2}\right), & \Delta>\Delta_{c} \\ (3 \pi / 4)^{1 / 3} h^{1 / 3}+\mathcal{O}\left(h^{2 / 3}\right), & \Delta=\Delta_{c}\end{cases}
$$
(d) Establish the asymptotic behaviors (11.38) and (11.39).

Amit Srivastava
Amit Srivastava
Numerade Educator
02:29

Problem 7

Continue the line of reasoning discussed on page 363 to determine the avalanche size distribution $A_{s}(\lambda)$ quoted in Eq. (11.40) for the mean-field RFIM. What is needed is the probability that exactly $s$ spins can flip in a single avalanche. For this event to occur, the values of the random fields for these $s$ spins have to lie in the range $[x, x+2 s / N]$, and the distance between successive random-field values cannot be larger than $2 / N$

Lucas Finney
Lucas Finney
Numerade Educator
07:55

Problem 8

Derive the upper branch of the hysteresis loop for the uniform distribution of the disorder with $\Delta>2$, Eq. (11.47).

Sriram Soundarrajan
Sriram Soundarrajan
Numerade Educator