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Microbiology: Principles and Explorations

Jacquelyn G. Black

Chapter 17

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

01:07

Problem 1

What is the difference between naturally acquired adaptive immunity and artificially acquired adaptive immunity?

Sarah Bennett
Sarah Bennett
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01:16

Problem 2

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Marina Ramsey
Marina Ramsey
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00:19

Problem 3

An epitope is an antigenic determinant, but is a hapten an epitope? Why or why not?

Amy Jiang
Amy Jiang
Numerade Educator
01:17

Problem 4

Which of the following is NOT true about T cells?
(a) T cells develop from lymphoid stem cells in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus.
(b) Cell-mediated immunity is primarily carried out by T cells.
(c) Subsequent differentiation of T cells produces cytotoxic (killer) T cells, delayed-hypersensitivity T cells, helper T cells, and regulatory T cells.
(d) Natural killer cells (NK) are exclusively differentiated T cells.
(e) T cells act in situations where antigens are embedded in cells membranes or are inside host cells and thus are inaccessible to antibodies.

Carlene Jimenez
Carlene Jimenez
Numerade Educator
01:45

Problem 5

Which of the following is NOT true about B cells?
(a) B cells develop from lymphoid stem cells in the bone marrow and mature in the bone marrow.
(b) Humoral immunity is mediated by B cells and their antibodies.
(c) Functional B cells are found in all tissues except lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes, spleen, adenoids, and gutassociated tissues).
(d) B cells produce and release antibodies when stimulated by an antigen.
(e) B cells are most effective in defending the body against foreign substances outside of cells, such as bacterial toxins, bacteria, and viruses before they enter cells.

Joanna Quigley
Joanna Quigley
Numerade Educator
01:14

Problem 6

Which of the following immune cells/molecules are most effective at destroying intracellular pathogens?
(a) $\mathrm{T}_{\mathrm{H}}$ cells
(b) Antibodies
(c) $\mathrm{T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ cells
(d) B cells
(e) Complement

Courtney Burson
Courtney Burson
Numerade Educator
02:19

Problem 7

There are five classes of antibodies or immunoglobulins. Match the following antibody classes to their descriptions:
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgI
IgD
(a) The "allergy" antibody that attaches to basophils and mast cells with their tissue-binding sites that in turn cause them to release substances that produce allergy symptoms when allergens such as pollen or certain foods are encountered
(b) It is rarely secreted, being found mainly on B cell membranes, and their function is unknown.
(c) Secreted as a pentamer, it is the first antibody secreted during the early stages of a primary response and is the antibody of the inherited $\mathrm{ABO}$ blood types.
(d) The main antibody class that attaches to microbes with their antigen-binding sites and phagocytic cells through their tissue-binding sites, allowing engulfment of the microbe by the phagocytic cell.
(e) Occurs in large amounts in body secretions and attaches to linings of the respiratory, digestive, and genitorurinary systems where it prevents microbes from invading tissues.

Joanna Quigley
Joanna Quigley
Numerade Educator
00:33

Problem 8

A living microbe with reduced virulence that is used for vaccination is considered:
(a) A toxoid
(b) Virulent
(c) Denatured
(d) Dormant
(e) Complement

Sabihah Khan
Sabihah Khan
Numerade Educator

Problem 9

B cells that produce and release large amounts of antibody are called:
(a) Memory cells
(b) Plasma cells
(c) Neutrophils
(d) Basophils
(e) Killer cells

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01:45

Problem 10

The constant regions of an antibody determine its particular ____ it belongs to while its ___ regions impart its specificity and enable the molecule to bind a particular antigen.

Christian Daniele
Christian Daniele
Numerade Educator
02:34

Problem 11

Which of the following is NOT a way in which an antibody can destroy a bacterial cell?
(a) Agglutination
(b) Lysis by opsonization and complement fixation
(c) Neutralization
(d) Direct lysis
(e) a and $d$

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator
00:45

Problem 12

B cells are activated by:
(a) Complement
(b) Interferon
(c) Antigen
(d) Antibody
(e) Memory cells

Hunza Gilgit
Hunza Gilgit
Numerade Educator
00:24

Problem 13

The best definition of an antigen is:
(a) A foreign molecule in the body
(b) A chemical that elicits antibody production and binds to that antibody
(c) A molecule that binds to antibody
(d) A pathogen
(e) An enzyme that activates B cells

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
00:31

Problem 14

Fusion between a plasma cell and a tumor cell creates a
(a) Myeloma
(b) Lymphoblast
(c) Hybridoma
(d) Natural killer cell
(e) Lymphoma

Eleanor Behling
Eleanor Behling
Numerade Educator
00:42

Problem 15

Monoclonal antibodies recognize a single:
(a) Antigen
(b) Epitope
(c) B cell
(d) Bacterium
(e) Virus

Hunza Gilgit
Hunza Gilgit
Numerade Educator
01:19

Problem 16

Cell-mediated immunity is carried out by ____ while humoral immunity is mainly carried out by ____
(a) B cells/T cells
(b) T cells/B cells
(c) Antibodies/antigens
(d) Epitopes/antigens
(e) Antibodies/phagocytes

Joanna Quigley
Joanna Quigley
Numerade Educator
00:39

Problem 17

The ability of the immune system to recognize self antigens versus nonself antigens is an example of:
(a) Specific immunity
(b) Cell-mediated immunity
(c) Humoral immunity
(d) Tolerance
(e) Antigenic immunity

Alicia Brady-Sabioncello
Alicia Brady-Sabioncello
Numerade Educator
03:10

Problem 18

Which is NOT true of memory cells?
(a) They are part of a secondary response.
(b) They are part of an anamnestic.
(c) They can survive without dividing for many months to many years.
(d) They produce more IgG than IgM.
(e) They are natural killer cells.

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Put the following steps in order for cell-mediated immune reactions:
(a) Differentiated T cells include T helper, delayed hypersensitivity, cytotoxic, and memory T cells that all have different immunological functions depending on the antigen presented.
(b) Antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) phagocytize pathogens, ingesting and degrading them into pieces which are transported to the surface of the cell.
(c) T cells bearing the corresponding receptor for the presented antigen bind to it and become activated only if the appropriate MHC is also present.
(d) Some pieces of the pathogen's antigens are processed by inserting them into the antigen-presenting cell's membrane and are held in place by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) proteins.
(e) Activated T cells are stimulated to divide and differentiate into different types of T cells, including memory cells.

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02:26

Problem 20

Some pathogenic bacteria can grow in macrophages after phagocytosis. Which of the following is a way in which such macrophages can either kill or confine the invading microbes?
(a) Become stimulated by the secreted lymphokine macrophage activating factor
(b) Wall off the macrophage-ingested pathogens in granulomas
(c) Present both MHCI and MHCII complexes
(d) a and b.
(e) All of the above

Sylvia Puglisi
Sylvia Puglisi
Numerade Educator
01:19

Problem 21

Individuals with reduced resistance to infectious diseases can have their immune systems compromised by all of the following factors EXCEPT:
(a) Pollution or radiation
(b) Very young or old age
(c) Complement deficiencies or genetic defects
(d) Poor nutrition and stress
(e) All of the above

Alexander Clippinger
Alexander Clippinger
Numerade Educator
01:31

Problem 22

An antigen that overstimulates the immune system by bonding nonspecifically to $\mathrm{MHC}$ on antigen-presenting cells is termed a:
(a) Nonspecific antigen
(b) Superantigen
(c) Epitope
(d) Toxic shock syndrome
(e) Super necrotic

Charles Machakwa
Charles Machakwa
Numerade Educator
01:14

Problem 23

A vaccine that activates both cell-mediated and humoral immunity would most likely be:
(a) Heat-killed
(d) Live, attenuated
(b) A toxoid
(e) A virion
(c) Short-lived immunity

Asma Venkitta
Asma Venkitta
Numerade Educator
02:31

Problem 24

A patient with a ____ titer of antibodies has a greater protection against infection than a patient with a ___ titer.
(a) High/low
(b) Low/high

Ashok Prajapati
Ashok Prajapati
Numerade Educator
01:14

Problem 25

A vaccine contains an antigen to which the immune system responds. Which of the following is not a possible component of a vaccine?
(a) Dead pathogen
(b) Toxoids
(c) Live, weakened pathogen
(d) Parts of a pathogen
(e) $\mathrm{c}$ and $\mathrm{d}$

Asma Venkitta
Asma Venkitta
Numerade Educator
03:27

Problem 26

In this diagram identify the various regions of an antibody molecule. What part(s) of the molecule do antigen bind to? What part(s) of the molecule does complement bind to?

Bryan Valdivia
Bryan Valdivia
Numerade Educator