Principles of Macroeconomics

Steven A. Greenlaw, David Shapiro

Chapter 9

Inflation - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Table 9.4 shows the fruit prices that the typical college student purchased from 2001 to 2004. What is the amount spent each year on the "basket" of fruit with the quantities shown in column $2 ?$

David Gagnon

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Problem 2

Construct the price index for a "fruit basket" in each year using 2003 as the base year.

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Problem 3

Compute the inflation rate for fruit prices from 2001 to 2004

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Problem 4

Edna is living in a retirement home where most of her needs are taken care of, but she has some discretionary spending. Based on the basket of goods in Table $9.5,$ by what percentage does Edna's cost of living increase between time 1 and time 2?

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

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Problem 5

How to Measure Changes in the cost of Living introduced a number of different price indices. Which price index would be best to use to adjust your paycheck for inflation?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 6

The Consumer Price Index is subject to the substitution bias and the quality/new goods bias. Are the Producer Price Index and the GDP Deflator also subject to these biases? Why or why not?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Go to this website (http:I/www.measuringworth.com/ppowerusl) for the Purchasing Power Calculator at MeasuringWorth.com. How much money would it take today to purchase what one dollar would have bought in the year of your birth?

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Problem 8

If inflation rises unexpectedly by $5 \%,$ would a state government that had recently borrowed money to pay for a new highway benefit or lose?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 9

How should an increase in inflation affect the interest rate on an adjustable-rate mortgage?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 10

A fixed-rate mortgage has the same interest rate over the life of the loan, whether the mortgage is for 15 or 30 years. By contrast, an adjustable-rate mortgage changes with market interest rates over the life of the mortgage. If inflation falls unexpectedly by $3 \%,$ what would likely happen to a homeowner with an adjustable-rate mortgage?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 11

How do economists use a basket of goods and services to measure the price level?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 12

Why do economists use index numbers to measure the price level rather than dollar value of goods?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 13

What is the difference between the price level and the rate of inflation?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 14

Why does "substitution bias" arise if we calculate the inflation rate based on a fixed basket of goods?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 15

Why does the "quality/new goods bias" arise if we calculate the inflation rate based on a fixed basket of
goods?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 16

What has been a typical range of inflation in the U.S. economy in the last decade or so?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 17

Over the last century, during what periods was the U.S. inflation rate highest and lowest?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 18

What is deflation?

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Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 19

Identify several parties likely to be helped and hurt by inflation.

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Problem 20

What is indexing?

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Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 21

Name several forms of indexing in the private and public sector.

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Problem 22

Inflation rates, like most statistics, are imperfect measures. Can you identify some ways that the inflation rate for fruit does not perfectly capture the rising price of fruit?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 23

Given the federal budget deficit in recent years, some economists have argued that by adjusting Social Security payments for inflation using the CPI, Social Security is overpaying recipients. What is their argument, and do you agree or disagree with it?

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Problem 24

Why is the GDP deflator not an accurate measure of inflation as it impacts a household?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 25

Imagine that the government statisticians who calculate the inflation rate have been updating the basic basket of goods once every 10 years, but now they decide to update it every five years. How will this change affect the amount of substitution bias and quality/new goods bias?

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Problem 26

Describe a situation, either a government policy situation, an economic problem, or a private sector situation, where using the CPI to convert from nominal to real would be more appropriate than using the GDP deflator.

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

Numerade Educator

Problem 27

Describe a situation, either a government policy situation, an economic problem, or a private sector situation, where using the GDP deflator to convert from nominal to real would be more appropriate than using the CPI.

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 28

Why do you think the U.S. experience with inflation over the last 50 years has been so much milder than in many other countries?

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

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Problem 29

If, over time, wages and salaries on average rise at least as fast as inflation, why do people worry about how inflation affects incomes?

Jennifer Stoner

Jennifer Stoner

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Problem 30

Who in an economy is the big winner from inflation?

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

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Problem 31

If a government gains from unexpected inflation when it borrows, why would it choose to offer indexed bonds?

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

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Problem 32

Do you think perfect indexing is possible? Why or why not?

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Oluwadamilola Ameobi

Numerade Educator

Problem 33

The index number representing the price level changes from 110 to 115 in one year, and then from 115 to 120 the next year. since the index number increases by five each year, is five the inflation rate each year? Is the inflation rate the same each year? Explain your
answer.

Kaylee Mcclellan

Kaylee Mcclellan

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

The total price of purchasing a basket of goods in the United Kingdom over four years is: year $1=2940$ year $2=\mathrm{E} 970,$ year $3=\underline{\mathrm{E}} 1000,$ and year $4=£ 1070$ Calculate two price indices, one using year 1 as the base year (set equal to 100 ) and the other using year 4 as the base year (set equal to 100 ). Then, calculate the inflation rate based on the first price index. If you had used the other price index, would you get a different inflation rate? If you are unsure, do the calculation and find out.

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Problem 35

Within 1 or 2 percentage points, what has the U.S. inflation rate been during the last 20 years? Draw a graph to show the data.

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Problem 36

If inflation rises unexpectedly by $5 \%,$ indicate for each of the following whether the economic actor is helped, hurt, or unaffected:
a. A union member with a COLA wage contract
b. Someone with a large stash of cash in a safe deposit box
c. A bank lending money at a fixed rate of interest
d. A person who is not due to receive a pay raise for another 11 months

Prashant Bana

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Problem 37

Rosalie the Retiree knows that when she retires in
16 years, her company will give her a one-time payment of $20,000$. However, if the inflation rate is $6 \%$ per year, how much buying power will that $20,000$ have when measured in today's dollars? Hint: Start by calculating the rise in the price level over the 16 years.

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator