Visualizing Human Biology

Kathleen Anne Ireland

Chapter 20

Inheritance, Genetics, and Molecular Biology - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

The term that describes the appearance of an organism is ______.
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. DNA sequence

Joanna Quigley

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 2

The process indicated as $\mathrm{B}$ on the figure is important because it _______.
a. increases the chromosome number in the gametes
b. increases the genetic combinations of the resulting gametes
c. organizes the chromosomes before splitting them apart
d. Two of these answers are correct.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics because ______.
a. he was the only person looking at genetic variation in the $1800 \mathrm{~s}$
b. his research was thorough and included quantifiable data
c. he used pea plants when others were using cows and corn
d. he studied both the $\mathrm{F}_{1}$ and the $\mathrm{F}_{2}$ generations

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Numerade Educator

Problem 4

In the $\mathrm{F}_{2}$ generation of his pea plants, Mendel consistently _______ (See the diagram for assistance in answering this question.)
a. 1: 2: 1
b. 3: 1
c. 9: 3: 3: 1
d. 1: 1

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Problem 5

The law of independent assortment states that the heritable units of parent plants are randomly separated during gamete formation.
a. True
b. False

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Problem 6

As shown in this figure, what is the probability of an individual $\mathrm{F}_{2}$ pea plant showing both dominant traits in its phenotype?
a. $13 / 16$
b. $9 / 16$
c. $4 / 16$
d. $1 / 16$

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Numerade Educator

Problem 7

An individual who expresses the dominant phenotype for an allele must be ______.
a. heterozygous
b. homozygous dominant
c. heterozygous dominant
d. either heterozygous or homozygous dominant

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Problem 8

Most human traits show a _______ pattern of inheritance.
a. dominant/recessive
b. codominant
c. polygenic
d. multifactoria

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Problem 9

Beadle and Tatum's experiment can be summarized by the saying, "_______"
a. You are what you eat
b. DNA is the molecule of inheritance
c. Proteins are the molecules of inheritance
d. X-rays cause knock-outs

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Problem 10

The central dogma of biology states that the process of ________ is relevant to all of biology.
a. meiosis
b. polymerase chain reaction
c. transcription/translation
d. evolution

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Problem 11

One good reason for undergoing genetic counseling is to determine _______.
a. emotional compatibility
b. your likelihood of contracting a genetic disease
c. the number of mutations in your DNA
d. your likelihood of passing on a deleterious gene to your offspring

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Problem 12

The process of _______ pulls DNA through a semisolid matrix, separating out pieces of DNA by size.
a. nucleic acid hybridization
b. gel electrophoresis
c. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
d. restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP)

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 13

_______ is used to produce and compare DNA fingerprints.
a. Nucleic acid hybridization
b. Gel electrophoresis
c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
d. Restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP)

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Problem 14

The process shown in this figure can be used to ______.
a. prepare samples of DNA for fingerprinting comparisons
b. amplify the amount of DNA in a sample
c. isolate purified DNA
d. create transgenic organisms

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Problem 15

The Human Genome Project was undertaken to ______.
a. identify all the genes in human DNA
b. improve tools for both DNA and data analysis
c. address the legal, ethical, and social issues surrounding DNA research
d. All of the above were stated goals of the project.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator