Escape Velocity The minimum velocity required for an object to escape Earth's gravitational pull is obtained from the solution of the equation
$\int v d v=-G M \int \frac{1}{y^{2}} d y$
where $v$ is the velocity of the object projected from Earth, $y$ is the distance from the center of Earth, $G$ is the gravitational constant, and $M$ is the mass of Earth. Show that $v$ and $y$ are related by the equation
$v^{2}=v_{0}^{2}+2 G M\left(\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{R}\right)$
where $v_{0}$ is the initial velocity of the object and $R$ is the radius of Earth.