Chapter 1, Introduction to Genetics Video Solutions, Genetics: A Conceptual Approach

02:48

Problem 1

How did Hopi culture contribute to the high incidence of albinism among members of the Hopi tribe?

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03:11

Problem 2

Outline some of the ways in which genetics is important to all of us.

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03:41

Problem 3

Give at least three examples of the role of genetics in society today.

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02:25

Problem 4

Briefly explain why genetics is crucial to modern biology.

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03:59

Problem 5

List the three traditional sub-disciplines of genetics and summarize what each covers.

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01:37

Problem 6

What are some characteristics of model genetic organisms that make them useful for genetic studies?

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02:15

Problem 7

When and where did agriculture first arise? What role did genetics play in the development of the first domesticated plants and animals?

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03:17

Problem 8

Outline the concept of pangenesis and explain how it differs from the present-day germ-plasm theory.

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03:40

Problem 9

What does the concept of the inheritance of acquired characteristics propose and how is it related to the concept of pangenesis?

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01:46

Problem 10

What is preformationism? What did it have to say about how traits are inherited?

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02:29

Problem 11

Define blending inheritance and contrast it with preformationism.

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01:54

Problem 12

How did developments in botany in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries contribute to the rise of modern genetics?

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02:54

Problem 13

List some advances in genetics made in the twentieth century.

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03:51

Briefly explain the contribution that each of the following people made to the study of genetics.
a. Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
b. August Weismann
c. Gregor Mendel
d. James Watson and Francis Crick
e. Kary Mullis

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02:19

Problem 15

What are the two basic cell types (from a structural perspective) and how do they differ?

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01:24

Problem 16

Summarize the relations between genes, DNA, and chromosomes.

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01:50

Problem 17

How are genetics and evolution related?

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03:12

Problem 18

For each of the following genetic topics, indicate whether it focuses on transmission genetics, molecular genetics, or population genetics.
a. Analysis of pedigrees to determine the probability of someone inheriting a trait.
b. Study of people on a small island to determine why a genetic form of asthma is prevalent on the island
c. Effect of nonrandom mating on the distribution of genotypes among a group of animals
d. Examination of the nucleotide sequences found at the ends of chromosomes
e. Mechanisms that ensure a high degree of accuracy in DNA replication
f. Study of how the inheritance of traits encoded by genes on sex chromosomes (sex-linked traits) differs from the inheritance of traits encoded by genes on non-sex chromosomes (autosomal traits)

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02:31

Problem 19

How does the picture in Figure $1.6 \mathrm{a}$ illustrate transmission genetics?

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02:37

Problem 20

Describe some of the ways in which your own genetic makeup affects you as a person. Be as specific as you can.

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02:41

Problem 21

Describe at least one trait that appears to run in your family (appears in multiple members of the family). Does this trait run in your family because it is an inherited trait or because it is caused by environmental factors that are common to family members? How might you distinguish between these possibilities?

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02:53

Problem 22

Genetics is said to be both a very old science and a very young science. Explain what is meant by this statement.

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03:31

Problem 23

Match each of the descriptions ( $a$ through $d$ ) with the correct theory or concept listed below.
Preformationism Pangenesis Germ-plasm theory Inheritance of acquired characteristics
a. Each reproductive cell contains a complete set of genetic information.
b. All traits are inherited from one parent.
c. Genetic information may be altered by the use of a characteristic.
d. Cells of different tissues contain different genetic information.

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05:00

Problem 24

Briefly explain why each of the following theories is incorrect:
a. Pangenesis
b. Preformationism
c. Blending inheritance
d. Inheritance of acquired characteristics

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05:04

Problem 25

Compare and contrast the following terms:
a. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
b. Gene and allele
c. Genotype and phenotype
d. DNA and RNA
e. DNA and chromosome

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05:22

Problem 26

The type of albinism that arises with high frequency among Hopi Native Americans (discussed in the introduction to this chapter) is most likely oculocutaneous albinism type $2,$ due to a defect in the OCA2 gene on chromosome $15 .$ Do some research on the Internet to determine how the phenotype of this type of albinism differs from the phenotypes of other forms of albinism in humans and to identify the mutated genes that result in those phenotypes.

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03:58

Problem 27

We now know a great deal about the genetics of humans, and humans are the focus of many genetic studies. What are some of the reasons humans have been the focus of intensive genetic study?

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01:43

Problem 28

Suppose that life exists elsewhere in the universe. All life must contain some type of genetic information, but alien genomes might not consist of nucleic acids and have the same features as those found in the genomes of life on Earth. What might be the common features of all genomes, no matter where they exist?

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03:27

Problem 29

Choose one of the ethical or social issues in parts $a$ through $e$ and give your opinion on the issue. For background information, you might read one of the articles on ethics marked with an asterisk in the Suggested Readings section for Chapter 1 in your Sapling Plus.a. Should a person's genetic makeup be used in determining his or her eligibility for life insurance?
b. Should biotechnology companies be able to patent newly sequenced genes?
c. Should gene therapy be used in people?
d. Should genetic testing be made available for inherited disorders for which there is no treatment or cure?

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02:14

Problem 30

A 45 -year-old woman undergoes genetic testing and discovers that she is at high risk for developing colon cancer and Alzheimer disease. Because her children have $50 \%$ of her genes, they may also be at an increased risk for these diseases. Does she have a moral or legal obligation to tell her children and other close relatives about the results of her genetic testing?

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04:09

Problem 31

Suppose that you could undergo genetic testing at age 18 for susceptibility to a genetic disease that would not appear until middle age and has no available treatment.
a. What would be some of the possible reasons for having such a genetic test and some of the possible reasons for not having the test?
b. Would you personally want to be tested? Explain your reasoning.

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