Chapter 6, Learning Video Solutions, What is Psychology?: Foundations, Applications, and Integration

Problem 1

Sasha is sitting in class, trying to listen to her professor's lecture, but she finds herself very distracted by the student next to her who is talking to another student. Sasha is exhibiting a(n)
a. orienting reflex
b. habituation
c. dishabituation
d. conditioned response

Kristina Tchalova

Numerade Educator

01:46

Problem 2

After 2 days working at a day-care center, Roman no longer snaps to attention every time a child screams. The change in Roman's behavior is most likely due to habituation. Sally, who has only been working at the center for 2 hours, still exhibits an orienting reflex every time a child screams. In a study examining the effects of time spent around children on habituation of one's orienting reflex to children's screams, what would be the independent variable?
a. Orienting reflexes
b. Habituation
c. Dishabituation
d. Time spent around children

Sarah Howell

Numerade Educator

00:38

Problem 3

________ is responding to a stimulus to which you have previously learned to ignore.
a. Habituation
b. Classical conditioning
c. Dishabituation
d. Operant conditioning

I O

Numerade Educator

01:18

Problem 4

Getting an injection causes Marla to flinch. In classical conditioning terms, the needle stick is a(n)
a. conditioned stimulus
b. conditioned response
c. unconditioned response
d. unconditioned stimulus

Aditya Sood

Numerade Educator

01:29

Problem 5

Which of the following types of learning does not require that the person or animal do anything in order for learning to occur?
a. Habituation
b. Classical conditioning
c. Operant conditioning
d. Social learning

Sanchit Jain

Numerade Educator

01:18

Problem 6

In Pavlov's original studies, the unconditioned stimulus was
a. the buzzer
b. salivation
c. food
d. the tube inserted into the dog's salivary gland

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

00:38

Problem 7

Every time Tyra smells apple pie baking, she feels very happy because she associates the smell of apple pie with her mother. Tyra's reaction to the smell of apple pie is most likely the result of
a. habituation
b. classical conditioning
c. operant conditioning
d. observational learning

I O

Numerade Educator

01:13

Problem 8

Amelia was in a car accident recently. Just prior to the crash, a certain song was playing on the radio. Now, whenever Amelia hears this song, she feels uneasy. This example shows that classical conditioning can sometimes occur even with low levels of
a. contiguity and contingency
b. contiguity
c. contingency
d. similarity

Sarah Howell

Numerade Educator

01:53

Problem 9

Classical conditioning best explains the conditioning of what type of responses?
a. Behavioral
b. Emotional
c. Physiological
d. $b \& c$

Sarah Howell

Numerade Educator

02:39

Problem 10

The law of effect was developed by
a. Ivan Pavlov
b. E.
L. Thorndike
c. B. F. Skinner
d. Albert Bandura

Tanner Fonjweng

Numerade Educator

02:01

Problem 11

Which of the following processes best explains why
a child may pretend to spank her teddy bear?
a. Habituation
b. Classical conditioning
c. Operant conditioning
d. Observational learning

Asma Venkitta

Numerade Educator

01:38

Problem 12

Thelma rewards her son for making his bed by telling him that he doesn't need to mow the grass. Thelma is using $\quad$ with $\quad$ to condition her son's behavior.
a. classical conditioning; positive reinforcement
b. operant conditioning; positive reinforcement
c. classical conditioning; negative reinforcement
d. operant conditioning; negative reinforcement

Cheyanne Roop

Numerade Educator

01:27

Problem 13

______ is responding to only a particular stimulus.
a. Stimulus generalization
b. Stimulus discrimination
c. Extinction
d. Shaping

Ronald Prasad

Numerade Educator

00:55

Problem 14

_________ involves reinforcing successive approximations of the final desired behavior.
a. Extinction
b. Shaping
c. Secondary reinforcement
d. Primary reinforcement

Kristina Tchalova

Numerade Educator

02:58

Problem 15

Points earned for shopping at a particular store are an example of
a. primary reinforcers
b. secondary reinforcers
c. fixed interval reinforcers
d. continuous reinforcers

Alyssa Mae L.

Numerade Educator

06:26

Problem 16

Oscar is working in a manufacturing plant where he is paid $$\$ 50$$ for every 1,000 units he produces. Oscar is being reinforced on a schedule of reinforcement.
a. continuous
b. fixed interval of $$\$ 50$$
c. fixed ratio of 1,000 units
d. variable ratio of 50 to 1,000 units

Sharon Edamala

Numerade Educator

01:30

Problem 17

A token economy is an example of
a. secondary reinforcement
b. operant conditioning
c. positive reinforcement
d. all of the above

Emily Himsel

Numerade Educator

01:19

Problem 18

Which of the following is not a true statement about using physical punishment on children?
a. Physical punishment may teach children to be aggressive.
b. Physical punishment may teach children correct behaviors.
c. Physical punishment is often less effective than positive reinforcement.
d. Physical punishment may result in classical conditioning of negative emotions in children.

Jessica Reyna

Numerade Educator

04:14

Problem 19

Sally studies the children in her preschool class to see if they will pretend to make a pizza after watching the Cookie Monster make a pizza on TV. What type of learning is Sally studying, and what research method is she using?
a. Habituation; case study
b. Classical conditioning; case study
c. Operant conditioning; naturalistic observation
d. Observational learning; naturalistic observation

Asma Venkitta

Numerade Educator

00:27

Problem 20

Which of the following learning theorists would be most likely to acknowledge the role that memory plays in learning?
a. John B. Watson
b. B. F. Skinner
c. Albert Bandura
d. Ivan Pavlov

Kristina Tchalova

Numerade Educator