Section 1
Review Questions
What was the goal of scientific management?a. to increase workers’ efficiencyb. to raise workers’ payc. to make factories saferd. to shorten the workday
How did assembly lines affect workers?a. They made workdays shorter.b. They provided greater protection from injury.c. They made jobs boring and repetitious.d. They lowered pay.
What was an important result of electrifying the workplace?a. It made jobs more dangerous by exposing workers to electrical currents.b. It enabled factories to stay open later and people to work at night.c. It provided better heating in the winter.d. It reduced the strength needed to perform certain tasks, creating more jobs for children.
How did married working-class women in western Europe commonly supplement the family’s income in the late nineteenth century?a. They did piecework at home.b. They worked in mines.c. They taught school.d. They gave music lessons.
To what nineteenth-century event does the term “demographic transition” refer?a. the disappearance of skilled craftsb. the decrease in the age of first marriagec. the decrease in family sized. the movement from rural areas to cities
What was an important medical innovation of the late nineteenth century?a. the smallpox vaccineb. x-raysc. CAT scansd. the stethoscope
Which artistic style features impersonal depictions of characters compelled to behave in ways over which they have no control?a. romanticismb. realismc. impressionismd. naturalism
What was the Great Stink?a. a stench coming from the polluted River Thames that nearly disrupted British governmentb. the name given to the poorest neighborhood in Chicagoc. a nickname that city dwellers gave to peasants recently arrived from the countrysided. a nickname for the Paris sewer system
What common disease of the period was caused by contaminated water?a. tuberculosisb. asthmac. cholerad. syphilis
What innovation made nineteenth-century cities cleaner?a. streetlightsb. electric streetcarsc. outhousesd. public water fountains
What were Selfridge’s, Le Bon Marché, and Matsuzakaya?a. famous saloonsb. urban department storesc. company towns built for minersd. newspapers
Which artistic and literary movement glorified nature, common people, exotic places, and the historical past?a. romanticismb. modernismc. naturalismd. classicism
What was a common way in which contract laborers could fall into debt bondage?a. renting a home in a nearby cityb. buying goods at a store owned by the employerc. borrowing money from a friendd. running away
What was the katorga system?a. a form of penal servitude in which criminals were sent to labor camps in Siberiab. a form of debt bondage used in Brazilc. a British system of contracting for passage to another country in exchange for labord. the practice in French brothels of charging prostitutes for food and clothing so they always remained in debt
What was the primary reason contract laborers were taken to Hawaii?a. build railroadsb. grow sugarcanec. work in salt minesd. fish for abalone
Which country pressured others to end the slave trade?a. Canadab. the United Statesc. Britaind. Germany
Other than criminals, what kinds of people often ended up in the Russian katorga?a. debtorsb. alcoholicsc. political prisonersd. unfaithful partners
What was a negative result of the abolition of Russian serfdom?a. Domestic serfs received no land and no longer had a place to live.b. Serfs were required to leave the farms on which they had always lived.c. Serfs were no longer entitled to food and clothing from their employer.d. Serfs were no longer protected from arrest by their employers when they committed crimes.
Why did Brazil attempt to attract European immigrants in the second half of the nineteenth century?a. to make its population more Whiteb. to employ them in factoriesc. to employ them in mines d. to have them establish schools and universities
Immigrant laborers from which country were completely excluded from the United States in 1882?a. Russiab. Germanyc. Chinad. Japan
What event caused many Chinese people to flee their country in the middle of the nineteenth century?a. dust storms in Manchuriab. the fall of the Ming Dynastyc. a typhoon that struck Kowloon Islandd. the Taiping Rebellion
What kinds of immigrants did Australia try to exclude in the early twentieth century?a. Jewish peopleb. non-Europeansc. Irish peopled. unskilled laborers
Jewish people fled the Russian empire in the late nineteenth century to escape poverty and _____.a. epidemic diseaseb. anti-Semitic violencec. civil ward. famine
Which city was rebuilt by Baron Haussmann in the second half of the nineteenth century?a. Romeb. Londonc. Viennad. Paris
Which social movement was more successful in Protestant societies than in others?a. housing reformb. anti-prostitution campaignsc. temperance and prohibitiond. health insurance advocacy
What was Britain’s Alkali Act intended to do?a. protect drinking water from contaminationb. ensure that processed foods were safe to eatc. prevent cholerad. alleviate air pollution
Which country was the first to provide health insurance for workers?a. the United Statesb. Germanyc. Franced. Russia
Which of the following was an important difference between socialist parties in Europe?a. Some parties accepted women and some did not.b. Some believed the bourgeoisie should be executed and others did not.c. Some advocated revolution and some a more gradual democratic approach.d. Some supported workers’ rights and some did not.