Chapter Questions
A pregnant woman needs an extra 450 calories above the allowance for nonpregnant women during which trimester(s)?a. firstc. thirdb. secondd. first, second, and third
A major reason why a woman's nutrition before pregnancy is crucial is that it determines whether her uterus will support the growth of a normal placenta. T F
A deficiency of which nutrient during pregnancy appears to be related to an increased risk of neural tube defects in newborns?a. vitamin $\mathrm{B}_{\mathrm{b}}$c. calciumb. folated. niacin
The pregnant woman's body helps to conserve iron bya. triggering food cravings.b. reducing physical activity.c. increasing iron excretion.d. increasing iron absorption.
Which of the following preventative measures should a pregnant woman take to avoid contracting listeriosis?a. avoid feta cheeseb. avoid pasteurized milkc. thoroughly heat hot dogsd. a and $\mathrm{c}$
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is one of the leading known preventable causes of mental retardation in the world.T F
All of these characterize the damage done by alcohol during pregnancy, excepta. halts delivery of oxygen through the umbilical cord.b. stimulates maternal appetite and therefore increases fetal nutrition.c. slows cell division.d. interferes with placental transport of nutrients to the fetus.
The American Academy of Pediatrics urges all women to drink only moderately during pregnancy. $T \quad F$
Without proper management, type 1 or type 2 diabetes during pregnancy can cause all excepta. severe nausea.b. severe hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.c. preterm labor.d. pregnancy-related hypertension.
When women in developed countries die of pregnancy complications, the cause is often eclampsia.$T \quad F$
To support lactation, a breastfeeding woman needs more of the following:a. fluidc. energyb. folated. a and $c$
Maternal dietary calcium intake has no effect on the calcium content of breast milk.T $F$
Lactating women who smoke tobaccoa. transfer nicotine and other chemicals to their infants through their breast milk.b. produce more milk than nonsmokers.c. produce milk with a higher fat content, damaging the infant's arteries.d. $b$ and $c$
Breastfed infants may need supplements of ______a. fluoride, iron, and vitamin $\mathrm{D}$b. zinc, iron, and vitamin $\mathrm{C}$c. vitamin $\mathrm{E}$, calcium, and fluorided. vitamin $\mathrm{K}$, magnesium, and potassium
Protective factors in breast milk includea. antiviral agentsb. anti-inflammatory agentsc. antibacterial agentsd. all of the above
Which of the following foods poses a choking hazard to infants and small children?a. puddingc. hot dog slicesb. marshmallowsd. b and $c$
A sure way to get a baby to sleep through the night is to feed solid foods as soon as the baby can swallow them. T $F$
Fostering a sense of autonomy in a one-year-old includes allowing the child to explore and experiment with her food.$T \quad F$
In light of the developmental needs of one-yearolds, parents should allow such behaviors as standing at the table or throwing food.T $F$
To treat obesity in children, a first goal is toa. reduce their weight by 10 percent while they grow taller.b. quickly achieve their ideal weight.c. slow their rate of gain while they grow taller.d. a and b