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Elementary Geometry for College Students

Daniel C. Alexander, Geralyn M. Koeberlein

Chapter 1

Line and Angle Relationships - all with Video Answers

Educators


Section 1

Sets, Statements, and Reasoning

02:03

Problem 1

Which sentences are statements? If a sentence is a statement, classify it as true or false.
a) Where do you live?
b) $4+7 \neq 5$
c) Washington was the first U.S. president.
d) $x+3=7$ when $x=5$

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
02:18

Problem 2

Which sentences are statements? If a sentence is a statement, classify it as true or false.
a) Chicago is located in the state of Illinois.
b) Get out of here!
c) $x<6$ (read as " $x$ is less than 6 ") when $x=10$
d) Babe Ruth is remembered as a great football player.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:26

Problem 3

Give the negation of each statement.
a) Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean.
b) All jokes are funny.

Pronoy Sinha
Pronoy Sinha
Numerade Educator
00:53

Problem 4

Give the negation of each statement.
a) No one likes me.
b) Angle 1 is a right angle.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
05:03

Problem 5

Classify each statement as simple, conditional, a conjunction, or a disjunction.
If Alice plays, the volleyball team will win.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
00:53

Problem 6

Classify each statement as simple, conditional, a conjunction, or a disjunction.
Alice played and the team won.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:46

Problem 7

Classify each statement as simple, conditional, a conjunction, or a disjunction.
The first-place trophy is beautiful.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:47

Problem 8

Classify each statement as simple, conditional, a conjunction, or a disjunction.
An integer is odd or it is even.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:33

Problem 9

Classify each statement as simple, conditional, a conjunction, or a disjunction.
Matthew is playing shortstop.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:30

Problem 10

Classify each statement as simple, conditional, a conjunction, or a disjunction.
You will be in trouble if you don't change your ways.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:53

Problem 11

State the hypothesis and the conclusion of each statement.
If you go to the game, then you will have a great time.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:17

Problem 12

State the hypothesis and the conclusion of each statement.
If two chords of a circle have equal lengths, then the arcs of the chords are congruent.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:31

Problem 13

State the hypothesis and the conclusion of each statement.
If the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular, then the parallelogram is a rhombus.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:06

Problem 14

State the hypothesis and the conclusion of each statement.
If $\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d},$ where $b \neq 0$ and $d \neq 0,$ then $a \cdot d=b \cdot c$

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:54

Problem 15

State the hypothesis and the conclusion of each statement.
Corresponding angles are congruent if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:44

Problem 16

Corresponding angles are congruent if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal.
Vertical angles are congruent when two lines intersect.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:00

Problem 17

State the hypothesis and the conclusion of each statement.
All squares are rectangles.

Jennifer Stoner
Jennifer Stoner
Numerade Educator
00:50

Problem 18

State the hypothesis and the conclusion of each statement.
Base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:51

Problem 19

Classify each statement as true or false.
If a number is divisible by $6,$ then it is divisible by 3

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:44

Problem 20

Classify each statement as true or false.
Rain is wet and snow is cold.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:54

Problem 21

Classify each statement as true or false.
Rain is wet or snow is cold.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:15

Problem 22

Classify each statement as true or false.
If Jim lives in Idaho, then he lives in Boise.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:43

Problem 23

Classify each statement as true or false.
Triangles are round or circles are square.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:37

Problem 24

Classify each statement as true or false.
Triangles are square or circles are round.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:04

Problem 25

Name the type of reasoning (if any) used.
While participating in an Easter egg hunt, Sarah notices that each of the seven eggs she has found is numbered. Sarah concludes that all eggs used for the hunt are numbered.

Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Oluwadamilola Ameobi
Numerade Educator
00:53

Problem 26

Name the type of reasoning (if any) used.
You walk into your geometry class, look at the teacher, and conclude that you will have a quiz today.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:54

Problem 27

Name the type of reasoning (if any) used.
Albert knows the rule "If a number is added to each side of an equation, then the new equation has the same solution set as the given equation." Given the equation $x-5=7$ Albert concludes that $x=12$

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:48

Problem 28

Name the type of reasoning (if any) used.
You believe that "Anyone who plays major league baseball is a talented athlete." Knowing that Duane Gibson has just been called up to the major leagues, you conclude that Duane Gibson is a talented athlete.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:47

Problem 29

Name the type of reasoning (if any) used.
As a handcuffed man is brought into the police station, you glance at him and say to your friend, "That fellow looks guilty to me."

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:22

Problem 30

Name the type of reasoning (if any) used.
While judging a science fair project, Mr. Cange finds that each of the first 5 projects is outstanding and concludes that all 10 will be outstanding.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:46

Problem 31

Name the type of reasoning (if any) used.
You know the rule "If a person lives in the Santa Rosa Junior College district, then he or she will receive a tuition break at Santa Rosa." Emma tells you that she has received a tuition break. You conclude that she resides in the Santa Rosa Junior College district.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:26

Problem 32

Name the type of reasoning (if any) used.
As Mrs. Gibson enters the doctor's waiting room, she concludes that it will be a long wait.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:39

Problem 33

Use intuition to state a conclusion.
You are told that the opposite angles formed when two lines cross are vertical angles. In the figure, angles 1 and 2 are vertical angles. Conclusion?
(Figure can't copy)

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:25

Problem 34

Use intuition to state a conclusion.
In the figure, point $M$ is called the midpoint of line segment AB. Conclusion?
(Figure can't copy)

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:14

Problem 35

Use intuition to state a conclusion.
The two triangles shown are similar to each other. Conclusion?
(Figure can't copy)

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:20

Problem 36

Use intuition to state a conclusion.
Observe (but do not measure) the following angles. Conclusion?
(Figure can't copy)

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:04

Problem 37

Use induction to state a conclusion.
Several movies directed by Lawrence Garrison have won Academy Awards, and many others have received nominations. His latest work, $A$ Prisoner of Society, is to be released next week. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:30

Problem 38

Use induction to state a conclusion.
On Monday, Matt says to you, "Andy hit his little sister at school today." On Tuesday, Matt informs you, "Andy threw his math book into the wastebasket during class." On Wednesday, Matt tells you, "Because Andy was throwing peas in the school cafeteria, he was sent to the principal's office." Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:41

Problem 39

Use induction to state a conclusion.
While searching for a classroom, Tom stopped at an instructor's office to ask directions. On the office bookshelves are books titled Intermediate Algebra, Calculus, Modern Geometry, Linear Algebra, and Differential Equations. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:41

Problem 40

Use induction to state a conclusion.
At a friend's house, you see several food items, including apples, pears, grapes, oranges, and bananas. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:17

Problem 41

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
If the sum of the measures of two angles is $90^{\circ},$ then these angles are called "complementary." Angle 1 measures 27" and angle 2 measures $63^{\circ} .$ Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:57

Problem 42

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
If a person attends college, then he or she will be a success in life. Kathy Jones attends Dade County Community College. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:33

Problem 43

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
All mathematics teachers have a strange sense of humor. Alex is a mathematics teacher. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:39

Problem 44

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
All mathematics teachers have a strange sense of humor. Alex has a strange sense of humor. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:41

Problem 45

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
If Stewart Powers is elected president, then every family will have an automobile. Every family has an automobile. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:29

Problem 46

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
If Tabby is meowing, then she is hungry. Tabby is hungry. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:45

Problem 47

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
If a person is involved in politics, then that person will be in the public eye. June Jesse has been elected to the Missouri state senate. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:55

Problem 48

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
If a student is enrolled in a literature course, then he or she will work very hard. Bram Spiegel digs ditches by hand six days a week. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:40

Problem 49

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
If a person is rich and famous, then he or she is happy. Marilyn is wealthy and well known. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:58

Problem 50

Use deduction to state a conclusion, if possible.
If you study hard and hire a tutor, then you will make an A in this course. You make an A in this course. Conclusion?

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:01

Problem 51

Use Venn Diagrams to determine whether the argument is valid or not valid.
1) If an animal is a cat, then it makes a "meow" sound.
2) Tipper is a cat.
C) Then Tipper makes a "meow" sound.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
00:44

Problem 52

Use Venn Diagrams to determine whether the argument is valid or not valid.
1) If an animal is a cat, then it makes a "meow" sound.
2) Tipper makes a "meow" sound.
C) Then Tipper is a cat.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:38

Problem 53

Use Venn Diagrams to determine whether the argument is valid or not valid.
1) All Boy Scouts serve the United States of America.
2) Sean serves the United States of America.
C) Sean is a Boy Scout.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:35

Problem 54

Use Venn Diagrams to determine whether the argument is valid or not valid.
1) All Boy Scouts serve the United States of America.
2) Sean is a Boy Scout.
C) Sean serves the United States of America.

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:57

Problem 55

Where $A=\{1,2,3\}$ and $B=\{2,4,6,8\},$ classify each of the following as true or false.
a) $A \cap B=\{2\}$
b) $A \cup B=\{1,2,3,4,6,8\}$
c) $A \subseteq B$

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:52

Problem 56

P is a true statement, while Q and R are false statements. Classify each of the following statements as true or false.
a) $\quad(P \text { and } Q)$ or $R$
b) $\quad(P \text { or } Q)$ and $R$

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo
01:29

Problem 57

P is a true statement, while Q and R are false statements. Classify each of the following statements as true or false.
a) $(P \text { and } Q)$ or $\sim R$
b) $(P \text { or } Q)$ and $\sim R$

Yujie Wang
Yujie Wang
College of San Mateo