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Electromagnetic Fields and Waves: Including Electric Circuits

Paul Lorrain, Dale R. Corson

Chapter 18

Magnetic Fields I - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

01:13

Problem 1

The force on a magnetic monopole situated in a magnetic field Show that the equation $F=Q_{s}^{*} Q_{b}^{*} /\left(4 \pi \mu_{0} r^{2}\right)$ is dimensionally correct. This means that $\boldsymbol{F}=Q^{*} \boldsymbol{B} / \mu_{0}$, and not $Q^{*} \boldsymbol{B}$, as stated by some authors.

Dominador Tan
Dominador Tan
Numerade Educator
04:32

Problem 2

The field of two parallel wires
Two parallel wires of radius $R$ and separated by a distance $2 D$ carry a current $I$ in opposite directions.
(a) Find $B$ along a perpendicular line passing through the wires.
(b) Plot $B$ for $R=1,00$ millimeter, $D=10.0$ millimeters, and $I=$ I ampere.

Vishal Gupta
Vishal Gupta
Numerade Educator
07:31

Problem 3

Saddle coils
Figure 18-12(a) shows two views of a pair of saddle coils. In (a) we have shown just one turn in each coil, and (b) shows a cross section $C .$ More generally, we could have the current distribution of Fig. 18-12(b), where the two parts carry equal current densities. There is zero current in the central region. We could also have the current distribution of Fig. 18-12(c). As we shall see, the magnetic fields in the cavities are uniform.
(a) Show that $\boldsymbol{B}=\mu_{0} \boldsymbol{J} \times \boldsymbol{r} / 2$ inside a conductor of circular cross section.
The origin of $r$ is at the center of the cross section.
(b) In Fig. 18-12(a), $B$ is the same as if each conductor occupied a full circle, with opposite currents in the central region.
Find $\boldsymbol{B}$ in the central region.
(c) Find $B$ in the cavities of Figs. $18-12(b)$ and $(c)$.
Calculate the value of the Bohr magneton $\mu_{R}$, which is the magnetic moment of an electron orbit for which $n=1$. The number of Bohr magnetons per atom or per molecule is of the order of a few and is, in fact, not an even number.

Dading Chen
Dading Chen
Numerade Educator
02:49

Problem 4

(18.2.1) 'The magnetic flux density at the center of a sunspot
The Zeeman effect observed in the spectra of sunspots reveals the existence of magnetic fields as large as $0.4$ tesla. These fields are associated with pancake-shaped current distributions in the plasma near the surface. In effect, one has a disk of electrons, with a radius of, say, $10^{7}$ meters, rotating at an angular velocity of the order of $3 \times 10^{-2}$ radian/second. The thickness of the disk is small compared to its radius.
(a) Calculate the surface density of electrons required to achieve a $B$ of $0.4$ tesla at the center.
(b) Calculate the current.

Ceren Uzun
Ceren Uzun
Texas Tech University
01:08

Problem 5

The Bohr magneton
According to the old Bohr model of the atom, electrons describe orbits around the nucleus. Atomic and molecular magnetic moments are expressed in Bohr magnetons.
(a) Find the magnetic moment of an electron on a circular orbit of radius $r$.
(b) According to the Bohr postulate, the angular momentum is quantized: $m v r=n \hbar=n h / 2 \pi=n \times 1,0546 \times 10^{-4}$, where $n$ is an integer and a quantum number.
Calculate the value of the Bohr magneton $\mu_{A}$, which is the magnetic moment of an electron orbit for which $n=1$. The number of Bohr magnetons per atom or per molecule is of the order of a few and is, in fact, not an even number.

Chai Santi
Chai Santi
Numerade Educator
01:59

Problem 6

Rotating magnetic field
Three identical coils, oriented as in Fig. $18-13(a)$, carry three-phase alternating current. Their magnetic fields are
$$
B_{y}=B_{m} \cos \omega t, \quad B_{b}=B_{m} \cos \left(\omega t+\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right), \quad B_{c}=B_{m} \cos \left(\omega t+\frac{4 \pi}{3}\right)
$$
and point as in Fig. $18-13(b)$.
(a) Show that the resulting field has a magnitude of $1.5 B_{m}$ and rotates at an angular velocity $\omega .$ This is the method used to generate rotating magnetic fields in large electric motors.
(b) Does the field rotate clockwise or anticlockwise?

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
02:34

Problem 7

(18.2.1) The Fabry equation for solenoids
A solenoid has an inner radius $R_{1}$, an outer radius $R_{2}$, and a length $2 L$. The current is $I$.
(a) Show that at the center
$$
B=\mu_{0} n I L \ln \frac{\alpha+\left(\alpha^{2}+\beta^{2}\right)^{1 / 2}}{1+\left(1+\beta^{2}\right)^{1 / 2}}
$$
where $n$ is the number of turns per square meter $(\infty 1 /$ cross section of the wire), $\alpha=R_{2} / R_{1}$, and $\beta=L / R_{1}$.
(b) Show that the length of the wire is
$$
l=n V=2 \pi n\left(\alpha^{2}-1\right) \beta R_{1}^{3}
$$
where $V$ is the volume of the winding.
(c) Check the Fabry equation, which states that at the center of any solenoid
$$
B=G\left(\frac{P \lambda \sigma}{R_{1}}\right)^{1 / 2}
$$
Here $G$ depends on the geometry, $P$ is the dissipated power, $\lambda=n \pi r^{2}$ is the filing factor, or the fraction of the coil cross section occupied by the conductor, $r$ is the radius of the wire, and $o$ the resistivity.

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
04:09

Problem 8

A short, thick solenoid
Figure 18-14 shows the cross section of a coil. The dimensions shown are in millimeters. The wire has a square cross section of 2 millimeters $^{2}$ and a resistance of $8.93$ ohms/kilometer. The current is 1 ampere. See the preceding problem.
(a) Calculate $B$ at the center. Use the formulas given in Prob, 18-7.
(b) Calculate the power and the applied voltage.
(c) Plot $B$ as a function of $z$ along the axis, from $z=-0.3$ to $z=0.3$ meter.

Averell Hause
Averell Hause
Carnegie Mellon University
13:29

Problem 9

Helmholtz coils provide a uniform field
The Helmholtz coils of Fig. 18-15(a) provide a simple means of obtaining. a uniform magnetic field over a given volume. Roughly speaking, $B_{x}$ is uniform within $10 \%$ inside a sphere of radius $0.1 a$.
(a) Find $B$ as a function of $z$ along the axis.
If you have the patience to expand this expression about $z=0$, you will find that
$$
B=B_{10}\left(1-\frac{144 z^{4}}{125 a^{4}}+\cdots\right)
$$
This means that the first, second, and third derivatives of $B$ with respect to $z$ are zero at $z=0 .$ So the curve of $B(z)$ is exceptionally flat near the center,
(b) Plot $B /\left(\mu_{0} N l / a\right)$ as a function of $z / a$ from $z / a=-0.5$ to $z / a=0.5$. Figure $18-16(b)$ shows $B_{z}(z)$ for values of $r$ ranging up to $0.16 a$.

Sam Stansfield
Sam Stansfield
Numerade Educator
04:59

Problem 10

The vector potential $\boldsymbol{A}$
In a given region, $B=B z$. Suggest possible $\boldsymbol{A}$ 's and a characteristic of the corresponding current distribution.

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
04:59

Problem 11

The vector potential $\boldsymbol{A}$
In a given region, $\boldsymbol{B}=B \psi$. Suggest possible $\boldsymbol{A}$ 's and a characteristic of the corresponding current distribution.

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
00:57

Problem 12

In two-dimensional magnetic fields a line of constant $A$ is a line
A certain magnetic field has a zero $z$-component.
(a) Show that $A=A z$ is one possible value of $A$.
(b) Show that a line of constant $A$ is a line of $B$.
(c) Show that this applies to the field of a straight current-carrying wire.

Mayukh Banik
Mayukh Banik
Numerade Educator
10:47

Problem 13

The magnetic field of a spinning electrically charged sphere A conducting sphere of radius $R$ is charged to a potential $V$ and spun about a diameter at an angular velocity w.
(a) Show that the surface current density is $\alpha=\epsilon_{0} \omega V \sin \theta=M \sin \theta$, where $M$ is $\epsilon_{0} \omega V$.
(b) Find that the magnetic flux density $B_{0}$ at the center.
(c) What is the numerical value of the $B_{0}$ for a sphere 100 millimeters in radius, charged to $10.0$ kilovolts, and spinning at 10,000 turns per minute?
(d) Show that the dipole moment is ${ }_{5} \pi R^{3} M \hat{z}$, where $\hat{z}$ is a unit vector along the axis, related to the direction of rotation by the right-hand screw rule.
(e) What is the dipole moment of the above rotating sphere?
(f) What current flowing through a loop 100 millimeters in diameter would have the same dipole moment?

CM
Corbyn Mellinger
Numerade Educator