Chapter Questions
What is homeostasis? What is a negative feedback loop? Give an example of how homeostasis is maintained by a negative feedback loop.
What is the difference between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator? What are examples of each?
How does the body fluid osmolality of a freshwater vertebrate compare with that of its environment? Does water tend to enter or exit its body? What must it do to maintain proper body water levels?
In what type of animal are Malpighian tubules found? By what mechanism is fluid caused to flow into these tubules? How is this fluid further modified before it is excreted?
What drives the movement of fluid from the blood to the inside of the nephron tubule at Bowman's capsule?
In what portion of the nephron is most of the $\mathrm{NaCl}$ and water reabsorbed from the filtrate?
What causes water reabsorption from the collecting duct? How is this influenced by antidiuretic hormone?
What effects does aldosterone have on kidney function? How is the secretion of aldosterone stimulated?