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Materials Selection in Mechanical Design

Michael F. Ashby

Chapter 15

Materials and Industrial Design - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

01:07

Problem 1

Exploring context. The images show two contrasting coffee machines. Analyse the context for which these were designed by responding to the five W questions Who? What? Where? When? Why?

Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Sri Datta Vikas Buchemmavari
Numerade Educator
03:24

Problem 2

Value and price (1). Today (2016) bagless vacuum cleaners vary in price by almost a factor of 10 an Argos VC 403 is priced at $£ 38(\$ 53)$, a Dyson DC23 is priced at $£ 333$ (\$466). There is a market for both, so a market sector musl exist that perceives the value of the more expensive cleanes to be greater than its high price. How has Dyson created this perception of value? Examine these (or two equivalent) products on the internet and analyse how he has done it.

Kaylee Mcclellan
Kaylee Mcclellan
Numerade Educator
01:56

Problem 3

Value and price (2). Watches vary in price by a factor of over $10,000 .$ I have a very cheap watch which I like because it has a stopwatch and is waterproof, so I can swim with it. It is extremely accurate and if I lose it a new one will cost me $£ 5.80$ (about $\$ 9$ ) from Amazon. This watch is shown in the figure that accompanies this exercise, along with a Rolex, currently priced at $\$ 11,870$ but that is nothing compared with the Sky Moon Tourbillon $5002 \mathrm{P}$ from Patek Philippe which will set you back $\$ 1.5$ million.
How do the makers of really expensive watches create the value that their products apparently have, at least to some people? Their advertisements in glossy magazines and their web sites give away a lot. Research these to reveal how materials, associations, brand image status can create value.

Varsha Aggarwal
Varsha Aggarwal
Numerade Educator
00:03

Problem 4

Value and price (3). Carry out a comparison and analysis like that of the previous exercise for
a. Suitcases (luggage)
b. Refrigerators
What, for a given case or fridge capacity, is the range of price? What aspect of product character gives the most expensive of the products its high value? The prices, sizes and other information you need is readily available in Consumer Magazines or on product-comparison websites.

Sanchit Gogia
Sanchit Gogia
Numerade Educator
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Problem 5

Associations. Write down the first association that comes to your mind when you glance at each of the images of cars shown below. How has the designer suggested this association?

Ana Carolina Da Cruz
Ana Carolina Da Cruz
Numerade Educator
03:00

Problem 6

Perceptions. Look at the six car-images again and ponder on them for a moment. How do you perceive each one? How do they make you feel? If you had a choice of any one of these, which would you choose? Why?

Debasish Das
Debasish Das
Numerade Educator
01:26

Problem 7

Associations of materials. What do people think of when they see something made of gold? They might - because of its expense - associate it with wealth and luxury; or perhaps - because it is a visible symbol of riches with extravagance and power; or perhaps - because of its total resistance to chemical attack - with stability and permanence. What associations would you attach to one or more of the following materials? Ask: 'What do you think of when you see something made of ...??

Maryam Riaz
Maryam Riaz
Numerade Educator
04:55

Problem 8

Capturing associations. Here is a little design exercise. You have acquired the rights to market a new biopolymer - one made from a fast-growing, prolific, crop. What are you going to call it? The name should carry the right associations. Define the problem (what?). Explore alternatives (how?). Select a solution (which?).
Here is a try.
a. Challenge? Name for new biopolymer
b. What? An evocative name. Why? To convey that it is bio, green. Why? To sell it to an increasingly eco-concerned public.
c. How? Some synthesis of green words or notions? Green. Renewable. Responsible. Benevolent. Saving the future. Cool. Next generation. OK, here are some trys: Respoxy. Biofutene Gen4biocool. Benegen.
d. Which? Respoxy (definite no). Biofutene (I don't think so-too obvious), Gen4biocool (kind of nice but too many syllables). Benegen (maybe might have to go with that).

Not a great success. Now you have a go. It has to be a name not already in use (Google it to find out).

James Kiss
James Kiss
Numerade Educator
04:01

Problem 9

Products with long design-lives. Many very simple products have had (and continue to have) very long lives. The table lists some of these. Research the history of one of them, seeking the context (Who, What, Where, When, Why) the inventor had in mind, and the present-day view of their utility, aesthetics and associations. Can you identify what has made it so durable?

Ansh Varma
Ansh Varma
Numerade Educator
01:58

Problem 10

Humour. A paperclip (invented 1899) is one of the simplest of products with one of the longest lives. Every office has them. They don't normally arouse interest or amusement. Here is an example of a re-design that provides these missing elements.
Find a really simple everyday-product (perhaps one from the table in the previous exercise) and re-design it to introduce an element of humour.

James Kiss
James Kiss
Numerade Educator
01:58

Problem 10

Humour. A paperclip (invented 1899) is one of the simplest of products with one of the longest lives. Every office has them. They don't normally arouse interest or amusement. Here is an example of a re-design that provides these missing elements.
Find a really simple everyday-product (perhaps one from the table in the previous exercise) and re-design it to introduce an element of humour.

James Kiss
James Kiss
Numerade Educator
01:44

Problem 11

Niche design. Each of these mice is designed to fill a particular niche in the mouse-market. Apply the method of product analysis outlined in the previous exercise to explain the designer's choices of materials, form aesthetics and associations.

James Kiss
James Kiss
Numerade Educator
01:29

Problem 12

Analysing product character. Examine a product and ask the following:
a. What does the product do?
b. Who will use it? Where? When? Why?
c. What are their aspirations? How do they see themselves?
d. What aesthetics has the designer used? Why?
e. What associations? How did the designer create them? Why?
f. What perceptions? What is your reaction to the product? What made you feel that way?
g. How (intentionally or unintentionally) did the designer create that perception?
h. And finally: What was the designer trying to say?
'Many designers, working on a project, assemble a mood-board with images of the sort of people for whom the product is intended, the surroundings in which they suppose it will be used, and other products that the intended user group might own, seeking to capture the flavour of their lifestyle.
"Pantone (www.pantone.com.) provide detailed advice on colour selection, including colour-matching charts and good descriptions of the associations and perceptions of colour.
'The dates are, of course, approximate. Design styles do not switch on an off on specific dates, they emerge as a development of, or reaction to, earlier styles with which they often coexist, and they merge into the styles that follow.

Shu Naito
Shu Naito
Numerade Educator