Chapter Questions
The psychological terms for taking in in for mation, retaining it, and later getting it back out area. retrieval, encoding, and storage.b. encoding, storage, and retrieval.c. storage, encoding, and retrieval.d. retrieval, storage, and encoding.
In what order do our brains process an external event into a memory that can last a lifetime?a. Long-term memory, sensory memory, short-term memoryb. Short-term memory, sensory memory. Iong-term memoryc. Short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memoryd. Sensory memory, short-term memory. Iong-term memory
Rehearsal-the conscious repetition of information you want to remember-is part ofa. automatic processing.b. effortful processing.c. forgetting.d. retrieval.
When we are tested immediately after viewing a list of words, we tend to recall the first and last items more readily than those in the middle. This tendency is called the __________ effect.a. serial positionb. spacingc. rehearsald. effortful processing
The process of forming mental images as we encode information in memory is calleda. picturing.b. visual encoding.c. rehearsing.d. imagining.
Our short-term memory capacity is abouta. 20 items.b 18 items.c. 7 items.d. 3 items.
A neural basis for learning and memory is LTP, which refers toa. emotion-triggered hormonal changes.b. the role of the hippocampus in processing explicit memories.c. an increase in a synapse's firing potential.d. aging people's potential for learning.
Hippocampus damage will typically not affect the ability to learn new skills, such as riding a bike, which is an example ofa. explicit memory.b. implicit memory.c. operant conditioning.d. classical conditioning.
The cerebellum plays an important role in forming and storing implicit memories created bya. classical conditioning.b. effortful processing.c. explicit memoryd. flashbulb memories.
To access a memory, we think of things associated with that memory, such as odors, images, or emotions, which are all examples ofa. relearning.b. storage.c. imagery.d. retrieval cues.
The feeling that "I've been here before" is known asa. déjà vu.b. retrieval.c. relearning.d. an explicit memory.
The tendency to recall experiences consistent with our current emotions is calleda. emotional memory.b. déjà vu.c. automatic processing.d. mood-congruent memory.
Which of the following is NOT one of Schacter's seven sins of memory?a. Misattributionb. Persistencec. Mood congruenced. Absent-mindedness
Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" shows that after an initial decline, memory for new information tends toa. increase slightly.b. decrease noticeably.c. decrease greatly.d. level out.
Experiments show that the hour before sleep is a good time to memorize information becausea. our minds are clearer at night.b. we'll dream about what we learned.c. fewer distractions interfere with our learning.d. we're too tired in the morning to memorize anything.
5. Sigmund Freud believed that we block painful or unacceptable memories from consciousness, through a mechanism calleda. repression.b. interference.c. effortful processing.d. blocking of recall.
The tendency to alter information as we encode it, and to fill in gaps when we try to recall something, is known asa. interference.b. memory construction.c. the déjà vu effect.d. the eyewitness recall effect.
You recognize a face in a crowd, but you can't recall how you know this person. This is an example ofa. the misinformation effect.b. interference.c. source amnesia.d. repression.
Children may be accurate eyewitnesses ifa. interviewers use suggestive interviewing techniques.b. a neutral person asks nonleading questions in words the children can understand.c. the children have talked with involved adults before the interview.d. interviewers use words that are slightly beyond the children's vocabulary.
Psychologists involved in the study of memories of abuse tend to disagree about which of the following statements?a. Memories for things that happened before age 3 are not reliable.b. We tend to repress extremely upsetting memories.c. Memories can be emotionally upsetting.d. Incest and sexual abuse happen.
Which of the following is NOT a good suggestion for improving your memory?a. Cram just before a test rather than spacing out your studying.b. Make the material you are reading as personally meaningful as possible.c. Overlearn by studying repeatedly.d. Study in a way that reduces the interference of other topics and distractions.