Chapter Questions
The psychological terms for taking in information, retaining it, and later getting it back out area. retrieval, encoding, and storage.b. encoding, storage, and retrieval.c. storage, encoding, and retrieval.d. retrieval, storage, and encoding.
Short-term memory is an intermediate memory stage where information is held before it is stored or forgotten. The newer concept of working memorya. clarifies the idea of short-term memory by focusing on the active processing that occurs in this stage.b. splits short-term memory into two substages-sensory memory and working memory.c. splits short-term memory into two areas - working (retrievable) memory and inaccessible memory.d. clarifies the idea of short-term memory by focusing on space, time, and frequency.
Rehearsal, the conscious repetition of information a person wants to remember, is part ofa. automatic processing.b. effortful processing.c. forgetting.d. retrieval.
When tested immediately after viewing a list of words, people tend to recall the first and last items more readily than those in the middle. When retested aftera delay, they are most likely to recalla. the first items on the list.b. the first and last items on the list.c. a few items at random.d. the last items on the list.
Memory aids that use visual imagery, peg-words, or other organizational devices are calleda. encoders.b. nonsense material.c. acoustic clues.d. mnemonics.
Organizing information into broad categories, which are then divided into subcategories, is known asa. the serial position effect.b. the peg-word system.c. hierarchical organization.d. creating acronyms.
Sensory information is initially recorded in our sensory memory. This memory may be visual (_________ memory) or auditory ( ________ memory)a. implicit; explicitb. iconic; echoicc. declarative; nondeclaratived. long-term; short-term
Our short-term memory for new information is limited; its capacity is abouta. 20 items.b. 18 items.c. 7 items.d. 3 items.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) seems to provide a neural basis for learning and memory. LTP refers toa. emotion-triggered hormonal changes.b. the role of the hippocampus in processing explicit memories.c. an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation.d. aging people's potential for learning.
Amnesia following hippocampus damage typically leaves people unable to learn new facts or recall recent events. However they may be able to learn new skills, such as riding a bicycle, which is an a. explicit memory.b. implicit memory.c. iconic memory.d. echoic memory.
The hippocampus seems to function as aa. temporary processing site for explicit memories.b. temporary processing site for implicit memories.c. permanent storage area for emotionbased memories.d. permanent storage area for iconic and echoic memories.
A psychologist who asks you to write down as many objects as you can remember having seen a few minutes eartier is testing youra. recall.b. recognition.c. recall and recognition.d. relearning.
Specific odors, visual images, emotions, or other associations that help us access a memory are examples ofa. relearning.b. dejà vu.c. declarative memories.d. retrieval cues.
When retrieval cues trigger the feeling that "I've been here before," you are experiencinga. dejà vu.b. mood-congruent memory.c. relearning.d. an explicit memory.
Our tendency to recall experiences consistent with our current emotions is calleda. mnemonics.b. chunking.c. repression.d. mood-congruent memory.
When forgetting is due to encoding failure, meaningless information has not been transferred froma. the environment into sensory memory.b. sensory memory into long-termmemoryc. long-term memory into short-term memory.d. short-term memory into long-term memory.
Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" shows that after an initial decline, memory for novel information tends toa. increase slightly.b. decrease noticeably.c. decrease greatly.d. level out.
The hour before sleep is a good time to memorize information because going to sleep after learning new material minimizesa. the misinformation effect.b. amnesia.c. retroactive interference.d. proactive interference.
Freud proposed that painful or unacceptable memories are self-censored, or blocked from consciousness, through a mechanism calleda. repression.b. proactive interference.c. the misinformation effect.d. physical decay of the memory trace.
One reason false memories form is our tendency to fill in memory gaps with our assumptions about events. This tendency is an example ofa. proactive interference.b. the misinformation effect.c. retroactive interference.d. the forgetting curve.
We may recognize a face in the crowd but be unable to recall where we know the person from. This is an example ofa. the misinformation effect.b. proactive interference.c. source amnesia.d. repression.