Glencoe Biology

Alton Biggs

Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

01:48

Problem 1

The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called a nucleotide.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:13

Problem 2

A double helix consists of DNA wrapped around the histone proteins.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:21

Problem 3

What are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA?
A. ribose
C. nucleotides
B. purines
D. phosphorus

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:02

Problem 4

If a section of DNA has 27 percent thymine, how much cytosine will it have?
A. 23 percent
B. 27 percent
C. 46 percent
D 54 percent

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

04:20

Which was a conclusion of Griffith's work with
Streptococcus pneumoniae?
A. DNA is the genetic material in viruses.
B. The structure of DNA is a double helix.
C. Bacteria exposed to DNA can incorporate the DNA and change phenotype.
D. The amount of thymine equals the amount of adenine in DNA.
Refer to the figure below to answer questions 6 and 7

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:18

Problem 6

What is the entire labeled structure called?
A. nucleotide
$\mathbf{B} .$ RNA
$\mathbf{C} .$ base
D. phosphate

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:48

Problem 7

Which label represents the coding part of DNA?
A. $A$
B. $B$
C. $C$
D. $D$

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:40

Problem 8

Explain how DNA forms chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

04:01

Problem 9

Summarize the experiments and data shown in the photo that led to the discovery of DNA.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

05:01

Problem 10

How might you use radioactive phosphorus to demonstrate that the transforming compound of bacteria in Griffith's experiment was DNA?

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:56

Problem 11

How would the results of the HersheyChase experiment have been different if protein were the genetic material?

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:21

Problem 12

Write a sentence defining each of the following vocabulary terms.
DNA polymerase

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

05:06

Problem 13

Write a sentence defining each of the following vocabulary terms.
semiconservative replication

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

04:38

Problem 14

Write a sentence defining each of the following vocabulary terms.
Okazaki fragment

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:30

Problem 15

With what does the synthesis of a new strand of DNA begin?
A. RNA primer
B. nucleotide unit
C. messenger RNA
D. transfer RNA

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:13

Problem 16

Which is true about the elongation of the lagging strand?
A. does not require a template strand
B. produces Okazaki fragments
C. requires the action of RNA ligase
D. proceeds by continually adding nucleotides
to the $3^{\prime}$ end

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:09

Problem 17

List the enzymes involved in replication and describe their function.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:17

Problem 18

Summarize the process of DNA replication in a diagram. Add labels to explain what is happening.

Anand Jangid

Numerade Educator

01:30

Problem 19

Imagine you are a scientist looking at a cell through a microscope. You see DNA replicating in several areas. Determine what type of cell you are looking at based on the origins of replication.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:06

Problem 20

why it is important for the DNA in the figure to have multiple origins of replication.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:33

Problem 21

how complementary base pairing is responsible for semiconservative replication.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:23

Problem 22

Write a sentence that connects the vocabulary terms in each pair.
mRNA - tRNA

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:59

Problem 23

Write a sentence that connects the vocabulary terms in each pair.
codon - RNA polymerase

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

04:14

Problem 24

Write a sentence that connects the vocabulary terms in each pair.
intron - exon

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:45

Problem 25

Which correctly lists the changes to eukaryotic pre-mRNA to form mRNA?
A. cap added, introns excised, and poly T tail added
B. cap added, exons excised, and poly T tail added
C. cap added, introns excised, and poly A tail added
D. cap added, exons excised, and poly A tail added

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:00

Problem 26

What is the mRNA sequence for the template strand DNA sequence in the figure?
A. $5^{\prime}$ ATGTTTGATCTT $3^{\prime}$
B. $5^{\prime}$ AUGUUUGAUCUU $3^{\prime}$
C. $5^{\prime}$ TACAAACTAGAA $3^{\prime}$
D. 5' UACAAACUAGAA 3'

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

01:49

Problem 27

What is the sequence for the nontemplate strand of the DNA in the figure?
A. $5^{\prime}$ ATGTTTGATCTT $3^{\prime}$
B. $5^{\prime}$ AUGUUUGAUCUU $3^{\prime}$
C. $5^{\prime}$ TACAAACTAGAA $3^{\prime}$
D. $5^{\prime}$ UACAAACUAGAA $3^{\prime}$

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:29

Problem 28

Compare and contrast transcription and translation and indicate where they occur in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:53

Problem 29

Describe the experiment that led to the One Gene-One Enzyme hypothesis.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:46

Problem 30

the mRNA sequence and orientation if the nontemplate strand has the sequence
$5^{\prime}$ ATGCCAGTCATC $3^{\prime} .$ to determine the amino acid sequence coded by the mRNA.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

01:32

Problem 31

Write the vocabulary term from the Study Guide page that describes each of the following processes.
regulation of a prokaryotic genome

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

01:19

Problem 32

Write the vocabulary term from the Study Guide page that describes each of the following processes.
control of the functional units of DNA

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

01:26

Problem 33

Write the vocabulary term from the Study Guide page that describes each of the following processes.
changes in DNA sequence

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:59

Problem 34

Which demonstrates an insertion mutation of the sequence $5^{\prime}$ GGGCCCAAA $3^{\prime} ?$
A. $5^{\prime}$ GGGGCCAAA $3^{\prime}$
B. $5^{\prime}$ GGGCCAAA $3^{\prime}$
C. $5^{\prime}$ GGGAAACCC $3^{\prime}$
D. $5^{\prime}$ GGGCCCAAAAAA $3^{\prime}$

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:59

Problem 35

Which is true about eukaryotic gene regulation?
A. Eukaryotic gene regulation is exactly like prokaryotic gene regulation.
B. Replication factors guide the binding of eukaryotic RNA polymerase to the promoter.
C. Activator proteins fold DNA to enhancer sites that increase the rate of gene transmission.
D. Repressor proteins bind to activators, preventing them from binding to the DNA.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:19

Problem 36

Which is not a type of mutation?
A. base substitutions
B. insertions
C. RNA interference
D. translocation

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:48

Problem 37

Illustrate the effect of adding tryptophan to a culture of $E .$ coli.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:26

Problem 38

Describe RNA interference.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:45

Problem 39

why base substitutions in the third position are least likely to cause a change in the amino acid for which it coded.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

01:53

Problem 40

how it might be possible for bacteria to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate of mutations during cell division.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:42

Problem 41

The book Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton presents the idea of isolating DNA from extinct organisms and "resurrecting" them. If this were possible, should this be done? Defend your opinion in an essay.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:41

Problem 42

The following excerpts are from Watson and Crick's description of the structure of DNA.
"The novel feature of the structure is the manner in which the two chains are held together by the purine and pyrimidine bases. The planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis. They are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single base from the other chain so that the two lie side by side with identical $z-$co-ordinates. One of the pair must be a purine and
the other a pyrimidine for bonding to occur."
"It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material."
Draw a diagram of DNA structure based on the description above.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

01:16

Problem 43

The following excerpts are from Watson and Crick's description of the structure of DNA.
"The novel feature of the structure is the manner in which the two chains are held together by the purine and pyrimidine bases. The planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis. They are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single base from the other chain so that the two lie side by side with identical $z-$co-ordinates. One of the pair must be a purine and
the other a pyrimidine for bonding to occur."
"It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material."
According to the description, how are the bases joined together?

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

02:07

Problem 44

The following excerpts are from Watson and Crick's description of the structure of DNA.
"The novel feature of the structure is the manner in which the two chains are held together by the purine and pyrimidine bases. The planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis. They are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single base from the other chain so that the two lie side by side with identical $z-$co-ordinates. One of the pair must be a purine and
the other a pyrimidine for bonding to occur."
"It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material."
What did Watson and Crick see as a possible copying mechanism?

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:37

Problem 45

Explain why species diversity is so great in estuaries and coral reefs.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

01:59

Problem 46

Under what conditions does the exponential phase of logistic growth occur?

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

03:50

Problem 47

Describe the process by which gametes are produced.

Dennis Howard

Numerade Educator

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Problem 4

Problem 5

Problem 6

Problem 7

Problem 8

Problem 9

Problem 10

Problem 11

Problem 12

Problem 13

Problem 14

Problem 15

Problem 16

Problem 17

Problem 18

Problem 19

Problem 20

Problem 21

Problem 22

Problem 23

Problem 24

Problem 25

Problem 26

Problem 27

Problem 28

Problem 29

Problem 30

Problem 31

Problem 32

Problem 33

Problem 34

Problem 35

Problem 36

Problem 37

Problem 38

Problem 39

Problem 40

Problem 41

Problem 42

Problem 43

Problem 44

Problem 45

Problem 46

Problem 47