Exploring Psychology

David G. Myers

Chapter 4

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

The threadlike structures made largely of DNA molecules are called
a. gene complexes.
b. nuclei.
c. chromosomes.
d. cells.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

When the mother's egg and the father's sperm unite, each contributes
a. one chromosome pair.
b. 23 chromosomes.
c. 23 chromosome pairs.
d. 30,000 chromosomes.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Fraternal twins result when
a. a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm and then splits.
b. a single egg is fertilized by two sperm and then splits.
c. two eggs are fertilized by two sperm.
d. two eggs are fertilized by a single sperm.

Alexa Moschella

Alexa Moschella

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Problem 4

Adoption studies seek to understand genetic influences on personality. They do this mainly by
a. comparing adopted children with nonadopted children.
b. evaluating whether adopted children's personalities more closely resemble those of their adoptive parents or their biological parents.
c. studying the effect of prior neglect on adopted children.
d. studying the effect of children's age at adoption.

Alexa Moschella

Alexa Moschella

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Personality tends to be stable over time. For example,
a. temperament is a product of learning and can therefore be unlearned.
b. temperament seems to be biologically based and tends to remain stable throughout life.
c. temperament changes significantly during adolescence.
d. fraternal twins tend to have more similar temperaments than do identical twins.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to focus on
a. how we differ from one another.
b. the links between social expectations and behavior.
c. natural selection of the fittest adaptations.
d. random assignment of genes over several generations.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Normal levels of stimulation are important during infancy and early childhood because during these years,
a. a rich environment can override a child's genetic limits.
b. experience stimulates the growth of billions of new brain cells.
c. experience activates and preserves neural connections that might otherwise die from disuse.
d. experience triggers the rapid development and production of human growth hormones.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Children and youth are particularly responsive to influences of their
a. peers.
b. fathers.
c. teachers and caretakers.
d. mothers.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Personal space, the portable buffer zone people like to maintain around their bodies, differs from culture to culture. These differences are examples of
a. genetic variation.
b. individual influences.
c. cultural norms.
d. collectivist influences.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Individualist cultures tend to value _____; collectivist cultures tend to value ______.
a. interdependence; independence
b. independence; interdependence
c. group solidarity; uniqueness
d. duty to family; personal fulfillment

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Human developmental processes tend to _____ from one group to another because we are members of _____.
a. be the same; the same ethnic group
b. be the same; the same species
c. differ; different species
d. differ; different ethnic groups

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

A fertilized egg will develop into a boy if it receives
a. an X chromosome from its mother.
b. an X chromosome from its father.
c. a Y chromosome from its mother.
d. a Y chromosome from its father.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Gender role" refers to our
a. sense of being male or female.
b. expectations about the way males and females should behave.
c. biological sex.
d. hormonally influenced differences in brain development.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

As a consequence of the gender assigned to us by society, we develop a gender identity, which means that we
a. exhibit traditional masculine or feminine roles.
b. are socially categorized as male or female.
c. have a sense of being male or female.
d. have an ambiguous biological sex.

Keronhica Desir

Keronhica Desir

Numerade Educator