Biology: The Dynamic Science

Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter 40

Nervous Systems - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Ganglia first became enlarged and fused into a lobed brain in the evolution of:
a. vertebrates.
b. annelids.
c. flatworms.
d. cephalopods.
e. mammals.

Caroline Jones

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

The hindbrain subdivides and eventually gives rise to the:
a. spinal cord.
b. cerebellum.
c. mesencephalon.
d. thalamus.
e. cerebrum.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into:
a. afferent and efferent systems.
b. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
c. skeletal and smooth muscle innervations.
d. voluntary and involuntary controls.
e. peripheral and central systems.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

People with severe insect-sting allergies carry an EpiPen, an autoinjector containing medication that they can use in an emergency. The medication causes smooth muscles in the lung passages to relax so they can breathe, but causes their hearts to pound rapidly. This is an example of stimulation of the:
a. parasympathetic system.
b. sympathetic system.
c. somatic nervous system.
d. limbic system.
e. voluntary system.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Which of the following statements about the blood-brain barrier is incorrect?
a. It is formed of capillary walls that are composed of tight junctions.
b. It transports glucose to brain cells by means of transport proteins.
c. It allows alcohol to pass through its lipid bilayer.
d. Oxygen can move through the lipid bilayer.
e. It reduces blood supply to brain cells compared with other body cells.

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Which one of the following structures participates in a reflex?
a. the gray matter of the brain
b. the white matter of the brain
c. the gray matter of the spinal cord
d. an interneuron that stimulates an afferent neuron
e. an interneuron that inhibits an afferent neuron

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

A segment of the brain stem that coordinates spinal reflexes with higher brain centers and regulates breathing and wakefulness is the:
a. reticular formation.
b. white matter of the pons.
c. white matter of the medulla.
d. hypothalamus.
e. cerebellum.

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Cushioning and nourishing the brain and spinal cord and filling the ventricles of the brain is (are):
a. meninges.
b. myelin.
c. cerebrospinal fluid.
d. ganglia.
e. glucose.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Which structure and function are correctly paired below?
a. thalamus: relays emotion signals through the limbic system
b. basal nuclei: relay inputs from odor receptors to the cerebrum
c. hypothalamus: releases hormones; sets up daily rhythms
d. amygdala: relays sensory information to the cerebrum
e. olfactory bulbs: moderate motor centers in the cerebrum

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

A patient had a tumor in Wernicke's area. It was initially diagnosed when the patient could not:
a. understand the morning newspaper.
b. hear a child crying.
c. see the traffic light turn red.
d. speak.
feel if the car heater was on.

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis involves using a needle to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid to analyze for signs of infection. Why analyze this fluid and not blood?

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

An accident victim arrives at the emergency department with severe damage to the reticular formation. Based on information in this chapter, describe some of the symptoms that the examining physician might discover.

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

In the 1930 s and 1940 s, prefrontal lobotomy, in which neural connections in the frontal lobes of both cerebral hemispheres were severed, was used to treat behavioral conditions such as extreme anxiety and rebelliousness. Although the procedure calmed patients, it had side effects such as apathy and a seriously disrupted personality. In view of the information presented in this chapter, why do you think the operation had these effects?

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

How would you demonstrate, using mice, that gene activity in the brain is altered by aging?

Josee Pacheco

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

How do paleontologists contribute to our understanding of the evolution of the brain?

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator