World of Chemistry

Steven S.Zumdahl, Susan L.Zumdahl, Donald J.DeCoste

Chapter 4

Nomenclature - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

Problem 1

What is a binary compound? Give three examples of binary compounds.

Albert T.

Albert T.

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Problem 2

What are the two major types of binary compounds?

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

In an ionic compound, the positive ion is called the _____________ and the negative ion is called the ___________.

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

In naming ionic compounds, we always name the ____________ first.

William Braaton

William Braaton

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Problem 5

Although we write the formula of sodium chloride as NaCl, we realize that NaCl is an ionic compound and contains no molecules. Explain.

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Give the name of each of the following simple binary ionic compounds.
a. Nal
b. $\mathrm{CaF}_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{3}$
d. $\mathrm{CaBr}_{2}$
e. SrO
f. $\mathrm{AgCl}$
g. Csl
h. $\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Identify each case in which the name is incorrect. Give the correct name.
a. $\mathrm{BaH}_{2}$ , barium hydroxide
b. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ , disodium oxide
c. $\mathrm{SnCl}_{4}, \operatorname{tin}(\mathrm{IV})$ chloride
d. $\mathrm{SiO}_{2},$ silver dioxide
e. $\mathrm{FeBr}_{3},$ iron(III) bromide

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Write the name of each of the following ionic substances, using the system thatincludes a Roman numeral to specify the charge of the cation.
a. $\mathrm{FeI}_{3}$
b. $\mathrm{MnCl}_{2}$
c. Hgo
d. $\mathrm{Cu}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
e. CuO
f. $\mathrm{SnBr}_{4}$

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Write the name of each of the following ionic substances, using -ous or -ic endings to indicate the charge of the cation.
a. $\mathrm{CoCl}_{2}$
b. $\mathrm{CrBr}_{3}$
c. $\mathrm{PbO}$
d. $\mathrm{SnO}_{2}$
e. $\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$
f. $\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}$

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Name each of the following binary compounds of nonmetallic elements.
a. $\mathrm{IF}_{5}$
b. $\mathrm{AsCl}_{3}$
c. $\mathrm{SeO}$
d. $\mathrm{XeF}_{4}$
e. $\mathrm{NI}_{3}$
f. $\mathrm{B}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Write the name for each of the following binary compounds of nonmetallic elements.
a. GeH $_{4}$
b. $\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{Br}_{4}$
c. $\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{5}$
d. $\mathrm{SeO}_{2}$
e. $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$
f. $\mathrm{SiO}_{2}$

Albert T.

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Name each of the following binary compounds, using the periodic table to determine whether the compound is likely to be ionic (containing a metal and a nonmetal) or nonionic (containing only nonmetals).
a. $\mathrm{B}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}$
b. $\mathrm{Ca}_{3} \mathrm{N}_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{CBr}_{4}$
d. $\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{S}$
e. $\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}$
f. ClF

Ronald Prasad

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Problem 13

Name each of the following binary compounds, using the periodic table to determine whether the compound is likely to be ionic (containing a metal and a nonmetal) or nonionic (containing only nonmetals).
a. $\mathrm{RaCl}_{2}$
b. $\mathrm{SeCl}_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{PCl}_{3}$
d. $\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{P}$
e. $\mathrm{MnF}_{2}$
f. $\mathrm{ZnO}$

Albert T.

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Problem 14

What is an oxyanion? How is a series of oxyanions named? (Give an example.)

Lottie Adams

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Problem 15

Which oxyanion of chlorine contains the most oxygen atoms: hypochlorite, chlorite, or perchlorate?

Lottie Adams

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Problem 16

Copy and complete the table by filling in the missing names or formulas of the indicated oxyanions.

Lottie Adams

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Problem 17

Write the formula for each of the following nitrogen-containing polyatomic ions, including the overall charge of the ion.
a. nitrate
c. ammonium
b. nitrite
d. cyanide

William Braaton

William Braaton

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Problem 18

Write the formula for each of the following chlorine-containing ions, including the overall charge of the ion.
a. chloride
c. chlorate
b. hypochlorite
d. perchlorate

Lottie Adams

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Problem 19

Write the formulas of the compounds below (refer to your answers to problem 18).
a. magnesium chloride
b. calcium hypochlorite
c. potassium chlorate
d. barium perchlorate

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Give the name of each of the following polyatomic anions.
a. $\mathrm{MnO}_{4}^{-}$
b. $\mathrm{O}_{2}^{2-}$
c. $\mathrm{CrO}_{4}^{2-}$
d. $\mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}^{2-}$
e. $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$
f. $\mathrm{SO}_{3}^{2-}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

Name each of the following compounds, which contain polyatomic ions.
a. $\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}$
b. $\mathrm{Co}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{CN})_{3}$
d. $\mathrm{Al}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}$
e. $\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}$
f. $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}$

Lottie Adams

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Problem 22

Give a simple definition of an acid.

Rakesh Singhi

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Problem 23

Many acids contain the element _________ in addition to hydrogen.

William Braaton

William Braaton

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Problem 24

Name each of the following acids.
a. HCl
b. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$
c. HNO $_{3}$
d. HI
e. HNO $_{2}$
f. $\mathrm{HClO}_{3}$
g. HBr
h. HF
i. $\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

Write formulas for each of the following simple binary ionic compounds.
a. lithium oxide
b. aluminum iodide
c. silver oxide
d. potassium nitride
e. calcium phosphide
f. magnesium fluoride
g. sodium sulfide
h. barium hydride

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

Write the formula for each of the following binary compounds of nonmetallic elements.
a. carbon dioxide
b. sulfur dioxide
c. dinitrogen tetrachloride
d. carbon tetraiodide
e. phosphorus pentafluoride
f. diphosphorus pentoxide

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 27

Write the formula for each of the following compounds that contain polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed.
a. calcium phosphate
b. ammonium nitrate
c. aluminum hydrogen sulfate
d. barium sulfate
e. iron(III) nitrate
f. copper(I) hydroxide

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

Write the formula for each of the following acids.
a. hydrocyanic acid
b. nitric acid
c. sulfuric acid
d. phosphoric acid
e. hypochlorous acid
f. hydrobromic acid
g. bromous acid
h. hydrofluoric acid

William Braaton

William Braaton

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Problem 29

Write the formula for each of the following substances.
a. lithium chloride
b. cuprous carbonate
c. hydrobromic acid
d. calcium nitrate
e. sodium perchlorate
f. aluminum hydroxide
g. barium hydrogen carbonate
h. iron(II) sulfate
i. diboron hexachloride
j. phosphorus pentabromide
k. potassium sulfite
l. barium acetate

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

Before an electrocardiogram (ECG) is recorded for a cardiac patient, the ECG leads are usually coated with a moist paste containing sodium chloride. What property of an ionic substance such as NaCl is being made use of?

William Braaton

William Braaton

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Problem 31

What is a binary compound? What is a polyatomic anion? What is an oxyanion?

Lottie Adams

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Problem 32

Name the following compounds.
a. AuBr $_{3}$
b. $\mathrm{Co}(\mathrm{CN})_{3}$
c. MgHPO $_{3}$
d. $\mathrm{B}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}$
e. $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$
f. $\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$
g. $\mathrm{Be}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 33

Name the following compounds.
a. $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$
b. $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{HCO}_{3}$
c. $\mathrm{Ca}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}$
d. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}$
e. $\mathrm{MnO}_{3}$
f. $\mathrm{HIO}_{3}$
g. $\mathrm{KH}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

Most metallic elements form oxides, and often the oxide is the most common compound of the element that is found in the earth’s crust. Write the formulas for the oxides of the following metallic elements.
a. potassium
b. magnesium
c. iron(II)
d. iron(III)
e. zinc
f. lead(II)
g. aluminum

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 35

Consider the hypothetical metallic element M, which is capable of forming stable simple cations that have charges of $1+, 2+,$ and $3+$ respectively. Consider also the nonmetallic elements $\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{E},$ and $\mathrm{F}$ , which form anions that have charges of $1-, 2-$ and $3-$ respectively. Write the formulas of all possible compounds between metal $\mathrm{M}$ and nonmetals $\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{E}$ , and $\mathrm{F}$ .

Lottie Adams

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Problem 36

Copy and complete Table 4.A (below) by writing the names and formulas for the ionic compounds formed when the cations listed across the top combine with the anions shown in the left column.

Lottie Adams

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Problem 37

Copy and complete Table 4.B (below) by writing the formulas for the ionic compounds formed when the anions listed across the top combine with the cations shown in the left column.

Lottie Adams

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Problem 38

Copy and complete the following table. For each of the negative ions listed below, use the periodic table to find the total number of electrons that the ion contains.

Lottie Adams

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Problem 39

For each of the following processes that show the formation of ions, complete the process by indicating the number of electrons that must be gained or lost to form the ion. Indicate the total number of electrons in the ion, and in the atom from which it was made.
a. $\mathrm{Al} \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}^{3+}$
b. $\mathrm{S} \rightarrow \mathrm{S}^{2-}$
c. $\mathrm{Cu} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{+}$
d. $\mathrm{F} \rightarrow \mathrm{F}^{-}$
e. $\mathrm{Zn} \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}^{2+}$
f. $\mathrm{P} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}^{3-}$

William Braaton

William Braaton

Numerade Educator

Problem 40

For each of the following atomic numbers, use the periodic table to write the formula (including the charge) for the simple ion that the element is most likely to form.
a. 36
b. 31
c. 52
d. 81
e. 35
f. 87

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 41

For the following pairs of ions, use the principle of electrical neutrality to predict the formula of the binary compound that the ions are most likely to form.
a. $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{S}^{2-}$
b. $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$
c. $\mathrm{Ba}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{O}^{2-}$
d. $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Se}^{2-}$
e. $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ and Br $^{-}$
f. $\mathrm{Al}^{3+}$ and $\mathrm{I}^{-}$
g. $\mathrm{Al}^{3+}$ and $\mathrm{O}^{2-}$
h. $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{N}^{3-}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 42

Give the name of each of the following simple binary ionic compounds.
a. BeO
b. $\mathrm{MgI}_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}$
d. $\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$
e. HCl
f. LiF
g. $\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{S}$
h. CaH $_{2}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 43

In which of the following pairs is the name incorrect?
a. Sil $_{4}$ , silver iodide
b. $\mathrm{CoCl}_{2},$ copper (II) chloride
c. $\mathrm{CaH}_{2}$ , hydrocalcinic acid
d. $\mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2},$ zinc acetate
e. $\mathrm{PH}_{3},$ phosphoric trihydride

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 44

Write the name of each of the following ionic substances, using the system that includes a Roman numeral to specify the charge of the cation.
a. $\mathrm{FeBr}_{2}$
b. $\cos$
c. $\mathrm{Co}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{3}$
d. $\mathrm{SnO}_{2}$
e. $\mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}$
f. $\mathrm{HgCl}_{2}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 45

Name each of the following binary compounds.
a. $\mathrm{XeF}_{6}$
b. $\mathrm{OF}_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{AsI}_{3}$
d. $\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}$
e. $\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
f. $\mathrm{SF}_{6}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 46

Name each of the following compounds.
a. $\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{3}$
b. $\mathrm{BrF}$
c. $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}$
d. $\operatorname{Sibr}_{4}$
e. $\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{MnO}_{4}\right)_{2}$
f. $\mathrm{CaCrO}_{4}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 47

Name each of the following compounds, which contain polyatomic ions.
a. $\mathrm{LiH}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$
b. $\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$
d. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{HPO}_{4}$
e. $\mathrm{NaClO}_{2}$
f. $\mathrm{Co}_{2}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{3}$

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 48

Write the formula for each of the following simple binary ionic compounds.
a. calcium chloride
b. silver(I) oxide (usually called silver oxide)
c. aluminum sulfide
d. beryllium bromide
e. hydrosulfuric acid
f. potassium hydride
g. magnesium iodide
h. cesium fluoride

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 49

Write the formula for each of the following binary compounds of nonmetallic elements.
a. sulfur dioxide
b. dinitrogen monoxide
c. xenon tetrafluoride
d. tetraphosphorus decoxide
e. phosphorus pentachloride
f. sulfur hexafluoride
g. nitrogen dioxide

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator

Problem 50

Write the formula for each of the following ionic substances.
a. sodium dihydrogen phosphate
b. lithium perchlorate
c. copper(II) hydrogen carbonate
d. potassium acetate
e. barium peroxide
f. cesium sulfite

William Braaton

William Braaton

Numerade Educator

Problem 51

Write the formula for each of the following compounds, which contain polyatomic ions. Be sure to enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses if more than one such ion is needed to balance the oppositely charged ion(s).
a. silver(I) perchlorate (usually called silver perchlorate)
b. cobalt(III) hydroxide
c. sodium hypochlorite
d. potassium dichromate
e. ammonium nitrite
f. iron(III) hydroxide
g. ammonium hydrogen carbonate
h. potassium perbromate

Lottie Adams

Numerade Educator