Chapter Questions
The process of enzymatically breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules that can be used by cells isa. absorption. b. secretion. c. ingestion. d. digestion.e. egestion.
The term essential nutrients refers toa. all the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids ingested by an organism.b. nutrients that an animal cannot manufacture from other molecules.c. nutrients that must be obtained from the diet in their complete form.d. all organic nutrients.e. b and c, both
Which of the following statements is false?a. Trypsin digests proteins in the small intestine.b. Enzymes on the brush border of the small intestine complete thedigestion of carbohydrates.c. Free fatty acids are absorbed across the apical membranes of smallintestinal epithelial cells d. Approximately 10% of the world’s adult population is lactoseintolerant.e. Bile is a mixture of wastes, HCO3–, cholesterol, and amphipathiccompounds.
Which of the following statements is true?a. Intracellular digestion commonly occurs in vertebrates.b. Absorption of nutrients always requires active transport.c. Alimentary canals have two openings, whereas gastrovascularcavities have only one.d. Extracellular, but not intracellular, digestion requires hydrolyticenzymes.
To which part of the alimentary canal is the pancreas connected?a. esophagus b. stomach c. small intestined. cecume. large intestine
Which of the following statements regarding the vertebrate stomach is false?a. Its cells secrete the protease pepsin in its active form.b. It is a saclike organ that may have evolved to store food.c. Its cells secrete hydrochloric acid.d. It is the initial site of protein digestion.e. Little or no absorption of nutrients occurs there
Absorption in the small intestine is increased bya. the many villi present on the inner surface of the small intestine.b. the brush border formed by microvilli on the cells of the villi.c. the presence of numerous transporter molecules on the epithelialcells.d. all of the above.e. a and b only.
In birds, the secretion of acid and pepsinogen occurs in thea. crop. b. gizzard. c. proventriculus.d. cloaca.e. gallbladder.
Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the __________.a. liver, small intestineb. gallbladder, liverc. pancreas, small intestined. small intestine, gallbladdere. liver, gallbladder
Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?a. It contains microorganisms that may produce useful by-products thatcan be absorbed.b. It stores and concentrates fecal material.c. Its cells absorb ions and water that remain in chyme after it leavesthe small intestine.d. It varies considerably in size and may even be absent in somevertebrates.e. All of the above are true of the large intestine.