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Biology : The Unity and Diversity of Life

Cecie Starr, Christine A. Evers; Lisa Starr

Chapter 18

Organizing Information About Species - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

01:38

Problem 1

_________ is a way of reconstructing evolutionary history based on derived characters.
a. Cladistics
b. Linnaean taxonomy
c. Convergent evolution
d. Divergent evolution

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
01:40

Problem 2

Which of the following assumptions is not part of cladistics?
a. A lineage's characters change over time.
b. All species share common ancestry.
c. Each lineage branches from another lineage.
d. Similar body parts are evidence of a recent divergence.

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
01:30

Problem 3

The only taxon that is always the same as a clade is the_________.
a. genus
b. family
c. species
d. kingdom

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
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Problem 4

A clade is_________.
a. defined by a derived character
b. a monophyletic group
c. a hypothesis
d. all of the above

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
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Problem 5

In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _________.
a. single lineage
b. extinction
c. common ancestor
d. adaptive radiation

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
01:32

Problem 6

Constructing a cladogram _________.
a. may involve parsimony analysis
b. helps us rank species into taxa
c. reveals convergent structures
d. is a necessary part of DNA barcoding

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
00:50

Problem 7

In cladograms, sister groups are_________.
a. inbred
b. the same age
c. represented by nodes
d. in the same family

Jacquelyn Tschudy
Jacquelyn Tschudy
Numerade Educator
01:42

Problem 8

Through _________, a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent.
a. homologous evolution
b. convergent evolution
c. analogous evolution
d. divergent evolution

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
00:49

Problem 9

Homologous structures among major groups of organisms may differ in _________.
a. size
b. shape
c. function
d. all of the above

Kai Medina
Kai Medina
Numerade Educator
01:37

Problem 10

A diagram that shows evolutionary connections between clades is called a_________.
a. karyotype
b. molecular clock
c. cladogram
d. homologous structure

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
01:41

Problem 11

Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the number of _________ mutations between species.
a. lethal
b. neutral
c. conservative
d. nonconservative

Kai Medina
Kai Medina
Numerade Educator
01:21

Problem 12

Mitochondrial DNA sequences are often used to study a relationship between _________.
a. different species
b. individuals of the same species
c. different taxa
d. evolutionary structures
e. homologous structures

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
01:54

Problem 13

All of the following data types can be used as evidence of shared ancestry except similarities in _________.
a. amino acid sequences
b. embryonic development
c. DNA sequences
d. fossil morphologies
e. form due to convergent evolution

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
02:04

Problem 14

Choose the statement that is incorrect.
a. Phylogeny helps us study the spread of viruses through human populations.
b. DNA barcoding can identify an individual as belonging to a particular species.
c. Lineages that are more distantly related have more similarities in the DNA sequence of their genomes.
d. Nonconservative amino acid substitutions can cause drastic changes in phenotype.

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
01:51

Problem 15

A mutation that alters the expression pattern of a _________ may lead to major differences in the adult form.
a. derived character
b. master regulator
c. molecular clock
d. homologous structure
e. lineage
f. all of the above

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator
03:35

Problem 16

Match the terms with the most suitable description.
_________ phylogeny
_________ cladogram
_________ master regulators
_________ convergent evolution
_________ derived character
_________ molecular clock
_________ analogous structures
_________ divergent evolution
_________ homologous structures
a. similar across many taxa
b. evolutionary history
c. human arm and bird wing
d. present in a group but not in its ancestors
e. based on neutral mutations
f. insect wing and bird wing
g. diagram of sets within sets
h. different lineages evolve in a similar way
i. closely related lineages evolve in different ways

Ramesh Singh
Ramesh Singh
Numerade Educator