Chapter Questions
Homologous structures among major groups of organisms may differ in ___________.a. sizeb. shapec. functiond. all of the above
Through ___________ , a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent.a. morphological convergb. morphological divergencec. analogous structuresd. homologous structures
Some mutations are neutral because they do not affect __________.a. amino acid sequenceb. nucleotide sequencec. the chances of survivald. all of the above
By altering steps in the program by which embryos develop, a mutation in a _________ may lead to major differences between adults of related lineages.a. derived characterb. homeotic genec. homologous structured. all of the above
Mitochondrial DNA may be used in cladistic comparisons of __________.a. different speciesb. individuals of the same speciesc. different taxad. a and be. all of the above
Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the number of _________ mutations between species.
Cladistics is based on ___________.a. reconstructing phylogenyb. parsimony analysis of many cladesc. character differences between speciesd. all of the above
In evolutionary trees, each branch point represents a(n) ___________.a. single lineageb. extinctionc. divergenced. adaptive radiation
In cladograms, sister groups are ___________.a. inbredb. the same agec. represented by nodesd. members of the same family
Match the terms with the most suitable description.$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{__________ phylogeny } && \text {a. sets within sets}\end{array}$$$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{__________ cladogram } && \text {b. evolutionary history}\end{array}$$$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{__________ homeotic genes } && \text {c. human arm and bird wing}\end{array}$$$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{__________ homologous structures} && \text {d. similar across diverse taxa}\end{array}$$$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{__________ molecular clock } && \text {e. neutral mutation measure }\end{array}$$$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{__________ analogous structures } && \text {f. insect wing and bird wing}\end{array}$$