Chapter Questions
Match each definition with the correct term from the Study Guide page.system of naming species using two words
Match each definition with the correct term from the Study Guide page.taxon of closely related species that share a recent common ancestor
Match each definition with the correct term from the Study Guide page.branch of biology that groups and names species based on studies of their different characteristics
On what did Linnaeus base his classification?A. derived charactersB. binomial nomenclatureC. morphology and habitatD. evolutionary relationship
Which animal is the most distant relative to the others?A. wolfB. coyoteC. domestic catD. blue whale(TABLE CAN'T COPY)
At which level does the domestic cat diverge from the coyote?A. familyB. classC. orderD. genus
Explain the rules and uses of binomial nomenclature.
Why is 'seahorse' not a good scientific name?
How does the system of classification relate to the diversity of species?
Differentiate between the following pairs.phylogeny, character
Differentiate between the following pairs.cladogram, molecular clock
What does this figure represent?A. pedigreeC. molecular clockB. cladogramD. phylogenetic tree
What do the colored bands in the figure represent?A. mutationsC. ancestral charactersB. derived charactersD. genomes
Which species concept defines a species as a group of organisms that are able to reproduce successfully in the wild?A. typological species conceptB. biological species conceptC. evolutionary species conceptD. phylogenetic species concept
According to the figure, which organism diverged last?A. alligatorsB. birdsC. crocodilesD. dinosaurs(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)
Which is represented by the figure?A. pedigreeB. cladogramC. molecular clockD. character(FIGURE CAN'T COPY)
Which does not affect the rate of mutation in a molecular clock?A. type of mutationB. location of gene in genomeC. the protein affectedD. the time of divergence
Two scientists produce two different cladograms for the same groups of organisms. Explain how the differences are possible.
Describe how to make a cladogram. Include the types of characters that are used and the judgments you must make about the characters.
Summarize how biochemical characters can be used to determine phylogeny.
Differentiate between the typological species concept and the phylogenetic species concept.
How should molecular clocks be used if not all mutations occur at the same rate? Should they be considered reliable evidence of phylogeny? Explain your answer.
Evaluate evidence that suggests that the two organisms in the figure are closely related.
Replace the italicized words with the correct vocabulary terms from the Study Guide page.The cell walls of Archaea contain peptidoglycan.
Replace the italicized words with the correct vocabulary terms from the Study Guide page.Eubacteria are called extremophiles because they grow in extreme environments.
Replace the italicized words with the correct vocabulary terms from the Study Guide page.Some types of protists are used to make food products like bread and cheese.
Which taxon contains one or more kingdoms?A. genusB. phylumC. familyD. domain
In which would prokaryotes found living in acid runoff or sulfur vents of volcanoes likely be classified?A. BacteriaB. ArchaeaC. EubacteriaD. Protista
In which kingdom would this organism, which has chloroplasts, cell walls, but no organs, be classified?A. PlantaeB. AnimaliaC. ProtistaD. Fungi
Which substance would most likely be in the cell walls of an organism with chloroplasts and tissues?A. peptidoglycanB. chitinC. hyphaeD. cellulose
Indicate the relationship between domains and kingdoms.
Predict in which domain a taxonomist would place a newly discovered photosynthetic organism that has cells without membrane-bound organelles and no peptidoglycan.
Write an argument for or against including Eubacteria and Archaea in the same domain. How would this affect the phylogenetic tree of life?
Using the model in Figure 17.13 decide which three of the kingdoms in domain Eukarya evolved from the fourth.
A biologist studied two groups of frogs in the laboratory. The groups looked identical and produced fertile offspring when interbred. However in nature they don't interbreed because their reproductive calls are different and their territories do not overlap. Use your knowledge of species concepts and speciation to decide why they should or should not be placed in the same species.
Suppose you found a cricket near your home. After a biologist from a local university studies your find, you learn that the cricket is a new species. Write a paragraph to explain how the biologist might have determined that the cricket is a new species.
Compare and contrast the two cladograms. How did the molecular evidence change the relationship between centipedes and spiders?
To which group are crustaceans most closely related?
Which group in the cladogram appears to be the most ancestral?
Describe how hemophilia is inherited. (Chapter 11)
Choose three lines of evidence that support evolution. Give an example of each. (Chapter 15 )