Consider the law of gravitation $F=G M m / r^{2} . G$ is, of course, a constant, but the masses $M$ and $m$ and the distance $r$ between them can take on different values; that is, $M, m$, and $r$ are independent variables. To indicate that we wish to consider $\mathrm{F}$ as a function of all three variables, we can write $F=f(M, m, r)$. What is the value of the following?
(a) $f(2,3,4)$. Ans. $3 G / 8$.
(b) $f(2,3,5)$.
(c) $f(3,4,0)$. Ans. Undefined.