Chapter Questions
Personality is thought to be ___________. a. short term and easily changedb. a pattern of short-term characteristicsc. unstable and short termd. long term, stable and not easily changed
2. The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ______. a. psychodynamicb. temperamentc. humorsd. personality
___________ a credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality.a. Hippocratesb. Gallc. Wundtd. Freud
An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person's skull is known as ___________. a. phrenology b. psychologyc. physiologyd. personality psychology
The id operates on the __________ principle. a. realityb. pleasurec. instant gratificationd. guilt
6. The ego defense mechanism in which a person who is confronted with anxiety returns to a more immature behavioral stage is called __________. a. repressionb. regressionc. reaction formationd. rationalization
The Oedipus complex occurs in the ____________ stage of psychosexual development.a. oralb. analc. phallicd. latency
The universal bank of ideas, images, and concepts that have been passed down through the generations from our ancestors refers to ___________. a. archetypesb. intuitionc. collective unconsciousd. personality types
Self-regulation is also known as _____________. a. self-efficacyb. will powerc. internal locus of controld. external locus of control
Your level of confidence in your own abilities is known as _____________. a. self-efficacyb. self-conceptc. self-controld. self-esteem
Jane believes that she got a bad grade on her psychology paper because her professor doesn't like her. Jane most likely has an __________ locus of control.a. internalb. externalc. intrinsicd. extrinsic
Self-concept refers to ________________. a. our level of confidence in our own abilitiesb. all of our thoughts and feelings about ourselvesc. the belief that we control our own outcomesd. the belief that our outcomes are outside ofour control
The idea that people's ideas about themselves should match their actions is called _____________ . b. consciousc. conscientiousnessd. congruence
The way a person reacts to the world, starting when they are very young, including the person's activity level is known as ______________. a. traitsb. temperamentc. heritabilityd. personality
Brianna is 18 months old. She cries frequently, is hard to soothe, and wakes frequently during the night. According to Thomas and Chess, she would be considered _________________. a. an easy babyb. a difficult babyc. a slow to warm up babyd. a colicky baby
16. According to the findings of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, identical twins, whether raised together or apart ____________ have personalities.a. slightly differentb. very differentc. slightly similard. very similar
Temperament refers to ______________. a. inborn, genetically based personality differencesb. characteristic ways of behavingc. conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversiond. degree of introversion-extroversion
According to the Eysencks' theory, people who score high on neuroticism tend to be ______________. a. calmb. stablec. outgoingd. anxious
The United States is considered a __________ culture.a. collectivisticb. individualistc. traditionald. nontraditional
20. The concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs is known as ____________. a. selective migration b. personal oriented personalityc. socially oriented personalityd. individualism
Which of the following is NOT a projectivetest?a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)b. Rorschach Inkblot Testc. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)d. Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)
22. A personality assessment in which a person responds to ambiguous stimuli, revealing unconscious feelings, impulses, and desires ____________. a. self-report inventoryb. projective testc. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)d. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Which personality assessment employs a series of true/false questions?a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)b. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)c. Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)d. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
What makes a personal quality part of someone's personality?
How might the common expression "daddy's girl" be rooted in the idea of the Electra complex?
Describe the personality of someone who is fixated at the anal stage.
Describe the difference between extroverts and introverts in terms of what is energizing to each.
Discuss Horney's perspective on Freud's concept of penis envy.
Compare the personalities of someone who has high self-efficacy to someone who has low selfefficacy.
Compare and contrast Skinner's perspective on personality development to Freud's.
How might a temperament mix between parent and child affect family life?
How stable are the Big Five traits over one's lifespan?
Compare the personality of someone who scores high on agreeableness to someone who scores low on agreeableness.
Why might it be important to consider cultural influences on personality?
Why might a prospective employer screen applicants using personality assessments?
Why would a clinician give someone a projective test?
How would you describe your own personality? Do you think that friends and family would describe you in much the same way? Why or why not?
How would you describe your personality in an online dating profile?
What are some of your positive and negative personality qualities? How do you think these qualities will affect your choice of career?
What are some examples of defense mechanisms that you have used yourself or have witnessed others using?
What is your birth order? Do you agree or disagree with Adler's description of your personality based on his birth order theory, as described in the Link to Learning? Provide examples for support.
Would you describe yourself as an extrovert or an introvert? Does this vary based on the situation? Provide examples to support your points.
Select an epic story that is popular in contemporary society (such as Harry Potter or Star Wars) and explain it terms of Jung's concept of archetypes.
Do you have an internal or an external locus of control? Provide examples to support your answer.
Respond to the question, "Who am I?" Based on your response, do you have a negative or a positive self-concept? What are some experiences that led you to develop this particular self-concept?
Research suggests that many of our personality characteristics have a genetic component. What traits do you think you inherited from your parents? Provide examples. How might modeling (environment) influenced your characteristics as well?
Review the Big Five personality traits shown in Figure $11.15 .$ On which areas would you expect you'd score high? In which areas does the low score more accurately describe you?
According to the work of Rentfrow and colleagues, personalities are not randomly distributed. Instead they fit into distinct geographic clusters. Based on where you live, do you agree or disagree with the traits associated with yourself and the residents of your area of the country? Why or why not?
How objective do you think you can be about yourself in answering questions on self-report personality assessment measures? What implications might this have for the validity of the personality test?