Biology 2015

All of the following are examples of organisms that can photosynthesize EXCEPT
a. cyanobacteria.
b. pine trees.
c. cacti.
d. mushrooms.
e. algae

Carbon dioxide enters leaves through a small opening called the
a. stoma.
b. stroma.
c. thylakoid.
d. granum.
e. mesophyll

The function of light reactions is to
a. obtain $\mathrm{CO}_{2} .$
b. make carbohydrate.
c. convert light energy into a usable form of chemical energy.
d. regenerate RuBP.

The Calvin cycle reactions
a. produce carbohydrate.
b. convert one form of chemical energy into a different form of chemical energy.
c. regenerate more RuBP.
d. use the products of the light reactions.
e. All of these are correct.

The final acceptor of electrons during the light reactions of the noncyclic electron pathway is
a. PS I.
b. PS II.
c. ATP.
d. NADP'.
e. water.

The oxygen given off by photosynthesis comes from
a. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ .
b. $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$
C. glucose.
d. RuBP.

Chemiosmosis
a. depends on complexes in the thylakoid membrane.
b. depends on an electrochemical gradient.
c. depends on a difference in H+ concentration between the thylakoid space and the stroma.
d. results in ATP formation.
e. All of these are correct.

For questions 8–10, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F)
RuBP carboxylase is the enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide to RuBP in the Calvin cycle. _______

For questions 8–10, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F)
When 3PG becomes G3P during the light reactions, carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate. _______

For questions 8–10, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F).
NADPH and ATP cycle between the Calvin cycle and the light reactions constantly. _______

The ATP and NADPH from the light reactions are used to
a. split water.
b. cause RuBP carboxylase to fix $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$
c. re-form the photosystems.
d. cause electrons to move along their pathways.
e. convert 3 $\mathrm{PG}$ to G3P.

CAM photosynthesis
a. is the same as C4 photosynthesis.
b. is an adaptation to cold environments in the Southern Hemisphere.
c. is prevalent in desert plants that close their stomata during the day.
d. occurs in plants that live in marshy areas.
e. stands for “chloroplasts and mitochondria.”

$\mathrm{C}_{4}$ photosynthesis
a. is the same as $\mathrm{C}_{3}$ photosynthesis, because it takes place in chloroplasts.
b. occurs in plants whose bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts.
c. takes place in plants such as wheat, rice, and oats.
d. is an advantage when the weather is hot and dry.
e. Both b and d are correct.