What Is Life? A Guide to Biology

Jay Phelan

Chapter 12

Plant and Fungi Diversification - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

In the plant kingdom, all the different species are descended from a single common ancestor. In terms of phylogeny, what type of tree is this?
a) monophyletic
b) unbranched
c) biphyletic
d) uniphyletic
e) branched

Molly Foote

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Which of the following is a significant new challenge that plants faced when they moved from their aquatic environment onto the land?
a) light availability
b) desiccation
c) nutrient availability
d) predation
e) the need for osmotic regulation

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which is the best brief description of the vascular system of the very first terrestrial plants?
a) The first plants developed specialized vessel cells that conducted water.
b) The first plants did not possess a vascular system.
c) The first plants had a very basic vascular system with a simple method of internal transport.
d) The first plants had only long, needle-like leaves, from which water could evaporate easily.
e) None of the above answers is correct.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Which of the following statements about ferns is incorrect?
a) Their sporophyte is dominant.
b) They require liquid water for fertilization.
c) Their seeds are dispersed by the wind.
d) They have vascular tissue for distributing water and nutrients throughout the plant.
e) Their spores are contained in sporangia.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Mosses and ferns differ from gymnosperms and angiosperms in their reproductive strategies in which of the following ways?
a) Mosses and ferns rely on liquid water for fertilization, whereas angiosperms and gymnosperms do not need liquid water for fertilization.
b) Mosses and ferns have much larger seeds than do angiosperms and gymnosperms.
c) Mosses and ferns use wind pollination, whereas angiosperms and gymnosperms use insects for pollination.
d) Mosses and ferns are primarily diploid in their adult (reproductive) form, whereas gymnosperms and angiosperms are primarily haploid.
e) Mosses and ferns are primarily haploid in their adult form, whereas gymnosperms and angiosperms are primarily diploid.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Which of the following is characteristic of gymnosperms?
a) They are more diverse than the angiosperms.
b) They are wind-pollinated.
c) The gametophyte generation is dominant.
d) They are water-pollinated.
e) All of the above are correct.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

In terms of their adaptation to living on land, how are reptiles similar to the seed plants?
a) Both reptiles and seed plants became completely independent of water.
b) Reptiles eat plants.
c) Seed plants and reptiles have developed structures such as cuticles and impermeable skin to minimize desiccation.
d) Reptiles and seed plants have developed structures that house their gametes and protect them from the surrounding environment.
e) Both $c$ ) and $d$ ) are correct.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Angiosperms and gymnosperms differ from each other in that:
a) angiosperms have vascular systems, but gymnosperms do not.
b) angiosperms produce seeds, but gymnosperms do not.
c) angiosperms tend to rely on animal pollinators, whereas gymnosperms tend to rely on wind pollination.
d) angiosperms use pollen, whereas gymnosperms use cones.
e) angiosperms have a single fertilization process, whereas gymnosperms use double fertilization.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Anthers and stigmas are found on:
a) bryophytes.
b) fungi.
c) angiosperms.
d) gymnosperms.
e) all of the above.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which of the following is not an example of a group of angiosperms?
a) cacti
b) cherry trees
c) pine trees
d) grasses
e) orchids

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Over the evolutionary history of plants:
a) the sporophyte has become smaller, though more independent.
b) the gametophyte and sporophyte have grown increasingly independent of each other.
c) there has been a trend toward gametophyte dominance.
d) there has been a trend toward gametophyte dependence on the sporophyte.
e) the gametophyte has become larger, though more dependent.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Which of the following comparisons and contrasts between fungi and plants is incorrect?
a) Fungi cannot photosynthesize, but plants can.
b) Both fungi and plants use chitin as a structural stabilizer.
c) Fungi are heterotrophs (i.e., cannot fix carbon and so must use organic carbon for growth), but plants are not.
d) Both fungi and plants have cell walls.
e) Both fungi and plants have a sexual stage in their reproductive cycle.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Dispersal of fungal spores is typically done by:
a) movement of cilia.
b) insects.
c) hummingbirds.
d) wind.
e) movement of flagella.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

You are taking a hike down a forest trail and see the familiar sight of a mushroom on the ground. This visible portion of a fungal body is the structure also referred to as a:
a) hypha.
b) fruiting body.
c) thallus.
d) spore sac.
e) mycelium.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

In most cases, the relationship between roots and fungi in mycorrhizae can best be described as:
a) mycelium.
b) competition.
c) trickery.
d) symbiosis.
a) parasitism.

Molly Foote

Numerade Educator