Chapter Questions
What quantity (length, mass, volume, time) is expressed by the following units?(a) centimeter(b) gram(c) milliliter(d) second
What quantity (length, mass, volume, time) is expressed by the following units?(a) kilometer(b) microgram(c) liter(d) nanosecond
Which of the following measurements corresponds to metric Ruler A shown in Figure $2 ?$(a) $2.0 \mathrm{~cm}$(b) $2.00 \mathrm{~cm}$(c) $2.05 \mathrm{~cm}$(d) $2.5 \mathrm{~cm}$
Which of the following measurements corresponds to metric Ruler B shown in Figure $2 ?$(a) $50.0 \mathrm{~cm}$(b) $50.00 \mathrm{~cm}$(c) $50.05 \mathrm{~cm}$(d) $50.5 \mathrm{~cm}$
Which of the following measurements corresponds to the electronic balance shown in Figure $3 ?$(a) $25 \mathrm{~g}$(b) $25.0 \mathrm{~g}$(c) $25.00 \mathrm{~g}$(d) $25.000 \mathrm{~g}$
Which of the following measurements corresponds to the electronic balance shown in Figure $3 ?$(a) $75 \mathrm{~g}$(b) $75.0 \mathrm{~g}$(c) $75.22 \mathrm{~g}$(d) $75.518 \mathrm{~g}$
Which of the following measurements corresponds to the graduated cylinder shown in Figure 4 having an uncertainty of $\pm 0.5 \mathrm{~mL} ?$ (a) $25 \mathrm{~mL}$ (b) $25.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ (c) $25.5 \mathrm{~mL}$ (d) $25.50 \mathrm{~mL}$
Which of the following measurements corresponds to the buret shown in Figure 4 having an uncertainty of $\pm 0.05 \mathrm{~mL} ?$(a) $32.0 \mathrm{~mL}$(b) $32.00 \mathrm{~mL}$(c) $32.05 \mathrm{~mL}$(d) $32.58 \mathrm{~mL}$
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) $0.05 \mathrm{~cm}$(b) $0.50 \mathrm{~cm}$(c) $25.0 \mathrm{~cm}$(d) $20.50 \mathrm{~cm}$
State the number of signiticant digits in each of the following:(a) $1.050 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{~cm}$(b) $2 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~cm}$(c) $3.00 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~cm}$(d) $5.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~cm}$
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) $5.0 \mathrm{~g}$(b) $5.05 \mathrm{~g}$(c) $0.5 \mathrm{~g}$(d) $1055 \mathrm{~g}$
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) $1.2 \times 10^{0} g$ g(b) $4.50 \times 10^{1} \mathrm{~g}$(c) $5.02 \times 10^{-1} \mathrm{~g}$(d) $100 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~g}$
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) $0.5 \mathrm{~mL}$(b) $0.50 \mathrm{~mL}$(c) $5.00 \mathrm{~mL}$(d) $500 \mathrm{~mL}$
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) $1 \times 10^{-1} \mathrm{~mL}$(b) $1.0 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~mL}$(c) $1.00 \times 10^{1} \mathrm{~mL}$(d) $1.000 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~mL}$
Round off the following to three significant digits:(a) 20.155(b) 0.204500(c) 2055(d) 0.2065
Round off the following to three significant digits:(a) 10.25(b) 10.20(c) 0.01029(d) 10,248
Round off the following to three significant digits:(a) $1.454 \times 10^{1}$(b) $1.455 \times 10^{2}$(c) $1.508 \times 10^{-3}$(d) $1.503 \times 10^{-4}$
Round off the following to three significant digits:(a) $9.123 \times 10^{5}$(b) $9.456 \times 10^{10}$(c) $9.000 \times 10^{-7}$(d) $9.075 \times 10^{-12}$
Add the following measurements and round off the answer:$ \begin{array}{llc} \text { (a) } & 0.4 \mathrm{~g} & \text { (b) } & 15.5 \mathrm{~g} \\ & 0.44 \mathrm{~g} & & 7.50 \mathrm{~g} \\ + & 0.444 \mathrm{~g} & & +0.050 \mathrm{~g} \\ \hline \end{array} $
Add the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) $ \begin{array}{lll} 1.55 \mathrm{~cm} & \text { (b) } & 5.0 \mathrm{~cm} \end{array} $$$ \begin{array}{r} 36.15 \mathrm{~cm} \\ +17.3 \mathrm{~cm} \\ \hline \end{array} $ $\begin{array}{r} 16.3 \mathrm{~cm} \\+0.95 \mathrm{~cm} \\ \hline \end{array} $
Subtract the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) $ \begin{array}{rrr} 242.197 \mathrm{~g} & \text { (b) } & 27.55 \mathrm{~g} \\ -175 & \mathrm{~g} & & -14.545 \mathrm{~g} \\ \hline \end{array} $
Subtract the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) $ \begin{aligned} 22.10 \mathrm{~cm} & \text { (b) } & 10.0 \mathrm{~cm} \\ -10.5 \mathrm{~cm} & & &-0.15 \mathrm{~cm} \\ \hline \end{aligned} $
Multiply the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) $3.65 \mathrm{~cm} \times 2.10 \mathrm{~cm}$(b) $8.75 \mathrm{~cm} \times 1.15 \mathrm{~cm}$(c) $16.5 \mathrm{~cm} \times 1.7 \mathrm{~cm}$(d) $21.1 \mathrm{~cm} \times 20 \mathrm{~cm}$
Multiply the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) $1.25 \mathrm{~cm} \times 0.5 \mathrm{~cm}$(b) $2.55 \mathrm{~cm} \times 1.1 \mathrm{~cm}$(c) $12.0 \mathrm{~cm}^{2} \times 1.00 \mathrm{~cm}$(d) $22.1 \mathrm{~cm}^{2} \times 0.75 \mathrm{~cm}$
Divide the following measurements and round off the answer(a) $26.0 \mathrm{~cm}^{2} / 10.1 \mathrm{~cm}$(b) $9.95 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} / 0.15 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}$(c) $131.78 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} / 19.25 \mathrm{~cm}$(d) $131.78 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} / 19.2 \mathrm{~cm}$
Divide the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) $66.3 \mathrm{~g} / 7.5 \mathrm{~mL}$(b) $12.5 \mathrm{~g} / 4.1 \mathrm{~mL}$(c) $42.620 \mathrm{~g} / 10.0 \mathrm{~mL}$(d) $91.235 \mathrm{~g} / 10.00 \mathrm{~mL}$
Express each of the following products as a power of 10 :(a) $10 \times 10 \times 10$(b) $1 / 10 \times 1 / 10 \times 1 / 10$
Express each of the following products as a power of 10 :(a) $10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10$(b) $1 / 10 \times 1 / 10 \times 1 / 10 \times 1 / 10$
Express each of the following products in exponential form:(a) $2 \times 2 \times 2$(b) $1 / 2 \times 1 / 2 \times 1 / 2$
Express each of the following products in exponential form:(a) $3 \times 3 \times 3 \times 3$(b) $1 / 3 \times 1 / 3 \times 1 / 3 \times 1 / 3$
Express each of the following ordinary numbers as a power of 10:(a) 1,000,000,000(b) 0.00000001
Express each of the following ordinary numbers as a power of 10:(a) 100,000,000,000,000,000(b) 0.000000000000001
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number(a) $1 \times 10^{3}$(b) $1 \times 10^{-7}$
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number:(a) $1 \times 10^{12}$(b) $1 \times 10^{-2}$
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number:(a) $1 \times 10^{\text {I }}$(b) $1 \times 10^{-1}$
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number:(a) $1 \times 10^{0}$(b) $1 \times 10^{-10}$
Express the following ordinary numbers in scientific notation:(a) 80,916,000(b) 0.000000015(c) 335,600,000,000,000(d) 0.000000000000927
Express the following ordinary numbers in scientific notation:(a) 1,010,000,000,000,000(b) 0.000000000000456(c) 94,500,000,000,000,000(d) 0.00000000000000001950
There are 26,900,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms in 1 liter of argon gas at standard temperature and pressure. Express this number in scientific notation.
There are 269,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules in 10 liters of oxygen gas at standard temperature and pressure. Express this number in scientific notation.
The mass of a neon atom is $3.35 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~g} .$ Express the mass as an ordinary number.
The mass of a chlorine molecule is $1.18 \times 10^{-22} \mathrm{~g} .$ Express the mass as an ordinary number.
A Class A 10-mL pipet has an uncertainty of $\pm 0.01 \mathrm{~mL}$. Express the volume of the pipet as an ordinary number.
A student $10-\mathrm{mL}$ pipet has an uncertainty of $\pm 0.1 \mathrm{~mL}$ Express the volume of the pipet as an ordinary number.
The velocity of light is 186,282.397 miles per second. Round off this value to three significant digits.
The velocity of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. Round off this value to three significant digits.
Find the total mass of two brass cylinders, which weigh $126.457 \mathrm{~g}$ and $131.6 \mathrm{~g}$
Find the length of magnesium metal ribbon that remains after two $25.0-\mathrm{cm}$ strips are cut from $255 \mathrm{~cm}$ of the ribbon.
Convert the following exponential numbers to scientific notation.(a) $352 \times 10^{4}$(b) $0.191 \times 10^{-5}$
Convert the following exponential numbers to scientific notation.(a) $0.170 \times 10^{2}$(b) $0.00350 \times 10^{-1}$
The mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-24} \mathrm{~g}$, and the mass of a proton is $1.6726 \times 10^{-24} \mathrm{~g} .$ What is the total mass of a neutron and a proton?
The mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-24} \mathrm{~g}$, and the mass of a proton is $1.6726 \times 10^{-24} \mathrm{~g} .$ What is the mass difference of a neutron and a proton?
A metric ton is defined as $1000 \mathrm{~kg},$ or $2.200 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{lb}$. An English ton is defined as $2000 \mathrm{lb}$, or $2.000 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{lb}$. What is the difference in mass between a metric ton and an English ton expressed in pounds?
The distance from Earth to the Moon is $2.39 \times 10^{5}$ miles, whereas the distance from the Moon to Mars is $4.84 \times 10^{7}$ miles. What is the total distance from Earth to the Moon to Mars?
How many kilograms of lunar samples were brought back from the Moon by the Apollo 11 astronauts?
Did the Apollo 11 lunar samples contain water, or show evidence of life?