Chapter Questions
Biologists define evolution as __________.a. purposeful change in a lineageb. heritable change in a line of descentc. acquiring traits during the individual's lifetime
Evolution can only occur in a population when __________.a. mating is randomb. there is selection pressurec. neither is necessary
Stabilizing selection tends to __________ (select all that apply).a. eliminate extreme forms of a traitb. favor extreme forms of a traitc. eliminate intermediate forms of a traitd. favor intermediate forms of a trait
Disruptive selection tends to __________ (select all that apply).a. eliminate extreme forms of a traitb. favor extreme forms of a traitc. eliminate intermediate forms of a traitd. favor intermediate forms of a traite. shift allele frequencies in one direction
Directional selection tends to __________ (select all that apply).a. eliminate extreme forms of a traitb. favor extreme forms of a traitc. eliminate intermediate forms of a traitd. favor intermediate forms of a traite. shift allele frequencies in one direction
Sexual selection, such as competition between males for access to fertile females, frequently influences aspects of body form and can lead to __________.a. male aggressionb. sexual reproductionc. sexual dimorphismd. both a and c
The persistence of the sickle allele at high frequency in a population is a case of __________.
____________ tends to keep different populations of a species similar to one another.
A fire devastates all trees in a wide swath of forest. Populations of a species of tree-dwelling frog on either side of the burned area diverge to become separate species. This is an example of __________.
Cladistics is based on __________.a. reconstructing evolutionary relationshipsb. grouping species on the basis of shared charactersc. both a and b
In evolutionary trees, each node represents a(n) __________.a. single lineageb. extinctionc. divergenced. adaptive radiation
In cladograms, sister groups are __________.a. inbredb. the same agec. represented by nodesd. members of the same family
Match the evolution concepts.$$ \text {________gene flow } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {a. can lead to interdependent species} $$$$ \text {________natural selection } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {b. changes in a population's allele frequencies due to chance alone} $$$$ \text {________mutation} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {c. alleles enter and leave a population} $$$$ \text {________genetic drift} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {d. evolutionary history} $$$$ \text {________adaptive radiation} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {e. occurs in different patterns} $$$$ \text {________coevolution} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {f. burst of divergences from one lineage into a set of niches} $$$$ \text {________phylogeny }\quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {g. source of new alleles} $$$$ \text {________cladogram }\quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {h. diagram of sets within sets} $$