Biology

Eldra P. Solomon, Charles E. Martin, Diana W. Martin,

Chapter 47

Processing Food and Nutrition - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following is a benefit of gas exchange in air compared with gas exchange in water? (a) air has a higher concentration of molecular oxygen (b) oxygen diffuses more slowly in air $(\mathrm{c})$ no energy is required for ventilation (d) moist respiratory surface is not needed (e) air is denser than water.

KP

Karenza Pearson

Numerade Educator

Problem 1

Teeth adapted for crushing and grinding are (a) incisors (b) canines (c) premolars and molars (d) incisors and premolars (e) canines and molars

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 2

Which of the following are accurately matched? (a) bony fish operculum (b) insect-alveoli (c) bird-spiracles (d) aquatic mammal-gill filaments (e) shark-dermal gills.

KP

Karenza Pearson

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

The layer of tissue that lines the lumen of the digestive tract is the (a) muscle layer (b) visceral peritoneum (c) parietal peritoneum (d) mucosa (e) submucosa

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 3

Which of the following are accessory digestive glands? (a) salivary glands (b) pancreas (c) liver (d) a, b, and c (e) a and b

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

The most efficient vertebrate respiratory system is that of (a) amphibians (b) birds $(c)$ reptiles (d) mammals (e) humans.

KP

Karenza Pearson

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Arrange the following into the correct sequence. 1. stomach 2 . esophagus 3 . pharynx $4 .$ small intestine 5 . colon
(a) 2,3,1,4,5
(b) 3,2,1,5,4
(c) 3,2,5,1,4
(d) 2,3,1,5,4
$(e) 3.2 .14 .5$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

In a bird the correct sequence for a breath of air is:
1. anterior air sacs 2 . posterior air sacs 3 . parabronchi 4 . alveoli
(a) 1,2,4
(b) 2,1,3
(c) 2,3,1
(d) 2,4,1
(e) 1,3,2.

KP

Karenza Pearson

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Which sequence most accurately describes the sequence of airflow in the human respiratory system?
1. pharynx 2 . bronchus 3 . trachea 4 . larynx 5 . alveolus 6 . bronchiole
(a) 4,1,3,2,5,6
(b) 1,4,3,2,5,6
(c) 4,1,3,2,6,5
(d) 1,4,3 2,6,5
(e) 1,3,4,2,6,5

KP

Karenza Pearson

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Which sequence most accurately describes the digestion of protein? small peptides 2 . amino acid $3 .$ protein $4 .$ polypeptide 5. glycerol
(a) 4,3,1,2
(b) 3,4,1,2
(c) 3,4,1,5
(d) 4,3,5,1,2
(e) 2,1,4,5

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with each nor. mal resting breath is the (a) vital capacity (b) residual volume (c) vital volume (d) partial pressure (e) tidal volume.

KP

Karenza Pearson

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

The surface area of the small intestine is increased by (a) folds in its wall (b) villi (c) microvilli
(d) $a, b,$ and $c(e)$ a and $b$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

According to Fick's law of diffusion, a gas will diffuse faster if the (a) surface is reduced (b) difference in pressure is decreased (c) difference in pressure is increased (d) $\mathrm{pH}$ is lowered (e) a and c.

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Karenza Pearson

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Problem 7

Lipids are transported from the intestine to the liver by (a) chylomicrons (b) HDLs (c) LDLs (d) glycerol transporters (e) leptin

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 8

The concentration of which substance is most important in regulating the rate of respiration? (a) chloride ions (b) oxygen (c) bicarbonate ions (d) nitrogen (e) carbon dioxide.

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Karenza Pearson

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Problem 8

Most vitamins are (a) inorganic compounds (b) components of coenzymes (c) used as fuel (d) electrolytes (e) required by herbivores and carnivores but not omnivores

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 9

When a diver ascends too rapidly, (a) bronchial constriction occurs (b) a diving reflex is activated (c) nitrogen rapidly bubbles out of solution in the body fluids (d) nitrogen hypoxia occurs (e) carbon dioxide bubbles damage the alveoli.

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Karenza Pearson

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

When energy input is greater than energy output, (a) weight loss occurs (b) weight remains stable (c) weight gain occurs (d) leptin secretion is inhibited (e) the $o b$ gene is deactivated

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which of the following is not true of the diving reflex? (a) breathing stops (b) the heart slows (c) less blood is distributed to the muscles (d) metabolic rate increases by about $20 \%$ (e) energy consumption decreases.

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Karenza Pearson

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

A hormone that stimulates gastric glands to secrete pepsinogen is (a) secretin (b) GIP (c) gastrin (d) cholecystokinin (CCK) (e) Peptide YY

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 11

Draw and label a diagram illustrating the sequence of structures through which inhaled air travels to reach the alveoli.

Bryan Valdivia

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Sketch a small area of the lining of the small intestine. Label intestinal glands, lacteal, capillary network of villus, and epithelial cells of villus.

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 12

What are the advantages of having millions of alveoli rather than a pair of simple, balloonlike lungs?

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Karenza Pearson

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Problem 12

Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that the B vitamin pyridoxine is an essential nutrient in mice.

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Problem 13

Proteolytic enzymes are produced in an inactive form. What, if any, benefit might that have?

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 14

If you were presented with an unfamiliar animal and asked to determine its nutritional lifestyle, how would you do so? (Hint: Consider adaptations.)

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 15

Investigators are unraveling the biochemical pathways that help regulate body weight. How might their work lead to a cure for obesity? How might a cure for obesity affect our society?

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator