Chapter Questions
Although some psychological disorders appear in only one culture, others are universal. For example, in every known culture some people havea. bulimia nervosa.b. anorexia nervosa.c. schizophrenia.d. susto.
If a lawyer washes his hands 100 times a day for no apparent reason and has no time left to meet with his clients, the hand washing will probably be labeled disordered because it is, among other things,a. distressing and dysfunctional.b. not explained by the medical model.c. harmful to others.d. untreatable.
A psychologist focusing mostly on disorders as sicknesses and suggesting they should be treated in hospitals is using aa. social-cultural perspective.b. biopsychosocial approach.c. medical model.d. diagnostic model.
A psychologist working with a distressed person is trying to get more information on the person's medical history, personal background, and social environment. This psychologist is using ___________ a approach.a. medicalb. deviant-dysfunctionalc. biopsychosociald. diagnostic labels
Most psychologists and psychiatrists currently use _________ to classify psychological disorders.a. the DSM-IV-TRb. in -depth histories of patientsc. input from patients' family and friendsd. the theories of Pinel, Rosenhan, and others
The anxiety disorder that takes the form of an irrational fear of a specific object or situation is calleda. a phobia.b. a panic attack.c. generalized anxiety.d. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
An episode of intense dread, accompa. nied by feelings of terror and trembling, dizziness, chest pains, or choking sensations, is calleda. a specific phobia.b. a compulsion.c. a panic attack.d. an obsessive fear.
Marina has become consumed with the need to clean the entire house each day. This behavior may indicatea. obsessive-compulsive disorder.b. generalized anxiety disorder.c. a phobia.d. a panic attack.
The ability to recover after experiencing severe stress is calleda. post-traumatic stress disorderb. an anxiety disorder.c. fear conditioning.d. survivor resiliency.
Psychologists who study phobias from a learning perspective explain phobias asa. the result of individual genetic makeup.b. a way of repressing unacceptable impulses.c. conditioned fears.d. evidence of the natural selectionprocess.
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Continued use of a psychoactive drug produces tolerance. This usually means that the user willa. feel physical pain and intense craving.b. be irreversibly addicted to the substance.c. need to take larger doses to get the desired effect.d. be able to take smaller doses to get the desired effect.
The depressants include alcohol, barbiturates,a. and opiates.b. cocaine, and morphine.c. caffeine, nicotine, and marijuana.d. and amphetamines.
Because alcohol ________ person more helpful or more aggressive.a. causes alcoholic blackoutsb. destroys REM sleepc. produces hallucinationsd. lowers inhibitions
Nicotine and cocaine stimulate neural activity, speed up body functions, anda. induce sensory hallucinations.b. interfere with memory.c induce a temporary sense of wellbeing.d. lead to heroin use.
Long-term use of Ecstasy cana. depress sympathetic nervous system activity.b. deplete the brain's supply of epinephrine.c. deplete the brain's supply of dopamine.d. damage serotonin-producing neurons.
Near-death experiences are strikingly similar to the hallucinations evoked bya. heroin.b. cocaine.c. LSD.d. alcohol.
Use of marijuanaa. impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory.b. inhibits people's emotions.c. leads to dehydration and overheating.d. stimulates brain cell development.
Social explanations for drug use often focus on the effect of peer influence. An important psychological contributor to drug use isa. inflated self-esteem.b. the feeling that life is meaningless and directionless.c. genetic predispositions.d. overprotective parents.
The most common reason for seeking mental health services isa. substance abuse.b. depression.c. bipolar disorder.d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Bipolar disorder is as maladaptive as depression, but it is much less common. It affectsa. more women than men.b. more men than women.c. women and men equally.d. primarily scientists and doctors.
Rates of depressiona. are higher among women than amongmen.b. vary by culture.c. are rising with each new generation.d. All of these answers are correct.
Psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression are working within the _______ perspective.a. psychoanalyticc. behavioralb. biologicald. social-cognitive
People with schizophrenia may hear voices when no one is speaking. This is an example of a(n)a. flat emotion.b. inappropriate emotion.c. word salad.d. hallucination.
A person who has schizophrenia and has positive symptoms is most likely to experiencea. catatonia.b. delusions.c. withdrawal.d. flat emotion.
Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best whena. onset is sudden, in response to stress.b. deterioration occurs gradually.c. no environmental causes can be identified.d. there is a detectable brain abnormality.