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Life: The Science of Biology

Purves, William K., Sadava, David E., Orians, Gordon H., Heller, H. Craig

Chapter 25

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

04:15

Problem 1

Any group of organisms treated as a unit in a classification system is a
$a .$ species.
b. genus.
$c .$ taxon.
$d .$ clade.
$e .$ phylogen.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
03:56

Problem 2

A genus is a
a. group of closely related species.
b. group of genera.
$c .$ group of similar genotypes.
$d$. taxonomic unit larger than a family.
$e .$ taxonomic unit smaller than a species.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
06:32

Problem 3

A trait that is defined as one that differs from its ancestral form is called
$a$ an altered trait.
$b .$ a homoplastic trait.
$c .$ a parallel trait.
$d .$ a derived trait.
$e .$ a homologous trait.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
06:56

Problem 4

Identifying ancestral traits is often difficult because
$a$. traits often become so dissimilar that ancient states are unrecognizable.
$b$. there may be no fossils of appropriate ancestors.
$c .$ reversals of traits are common during evolution.
$d .$ traits often evolve rapidly.
$e .$ All of the above

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
09:41

Problem 5

The parsimony principle is typically used when reconstructing phylogenies because
$a$. evolution is nearly always parsimonious.
$b$. it is better to provisionally adopt the simplest hypothesis capable of explaining the known facts.
$c .$ it is easier to handle parsimonious data with computers
d. parsimony works well for all kinds of traits, both morphological and molecular.
e. parsimony was used before computers were available and it continues to be used even though new methods are better.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
06:37

Problem 6

Which of the following is a way of identifying ancestral traits?
a. Determining which traits are found among fossil ancestors
$b .$ Using an outgroup
$c .$ Using a lineage that is closely related to the ingroup
$d$. Examining the development of the trait
$e .$ All of the above

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
05:58

Problem 7

Traits that evolve very slowly are most useful for determining relationships at the level of
a. phyla.
b. genera.
$c .$ orders.
$d .$ families.
$e .$ species.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
06:11

Problem 8

Homologous traits are
$a .$ similar in function.
$b .$ similar in structure.
c. similar in structure but not in function.
$d .$ derived from a common ancestor.
$e .$ derived from different ancestral structures and have dissimilar structures.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
05:51

Problem 9

The genes that are most extensively used to determine evolutionary relationships among plants are
a. nuclear genes.
$b$. chloroplast genes.
c. mitochondrial genes.
$d$. genes in flowers.
$e .$ genes in roots.

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
07:48

Problem 10

Which of the following is not a way in which phylogenies are used?
a. To establish evolutionary relationships
b. To determine how rapidly traits evolve
$c .$ To determine historical patterns of movement of organisms
$d .$ To help identify unknown organisms
e. To infer evolutionary trends

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator
08:23

Problem 11

Which of the following is not a major role of a classification system?
$a .$ To aid memory
b. To improve predictive powers
$c .$ To help explain relationships among things
$d .$ To provide relatively stable names for things
$e .$ To design identification keys

Noah Boudrie
Noah Boudrie
Numerade Educator