Campbell Biology

Lisa A. Urry

Chapter 36

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular plants - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Which of the following is an adaptation that
enhances the uptake of water and minerals by
roots?
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) mycorrhizae }} \\ {\text { (B) pumping through plasmodesmata }} \\ {\text { (C) active uptake by vessel elements }} \\ {\text { (D) rhythmic contractions by cells in the root cortex }}\end{array}\end{equation}

James Thierer

James Thierer

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Which structure or compartment is part of the symplast?
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) the interior of a vessel element }} \\ {\text { (B) the interior of a sieve tube }} \\ {\text { (C) the cell wall of a mesophyll cell }} \\ {\text { (D) an extracellular air space }}\end{array}\end{equation}

Christy M.

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Movement of phloem sap from a source to a sink
$$\begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) occurs through the apoplast of sieve-tube elements. }} \\ {\text { (B) depends ultimately on the activity of proton pumps }} \\ {\text { (C) depends on tension, or negative pressure potential. }} \\ {\text { (D) results mainly from diffusion. }}\end{array}$$

James Thierer

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) the chlorophyll in wilting leaves is degraded. }} \\ {\text { (B) accumulation of } \mathrm{CO}_{2} \text { in the leaf inhibits enzymes. }} \\ {\text { (C) stomata close, preventing } \mathrm{CO}_{2} \text { from entering the leaf. }} \\ {\text { (D) photolysis, the water-splitting step of photosynthesis, }} \\ {\text { cannot occur when there is a water deficiency. }}\end{array}\end{equation}

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

What would enhance water uptake by a plant cell?
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) decreasing the } \Psi \text { of the surrounding solution }} \\ {\text { (B) positive pressure on the surrounding solution }} \\ {\text { (C) the loss of solutes from the cell }} \\ {\text { (D) increasing the \Psi of the cytoplasm }}\end{array}\end{equation}

James Thierer

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

A plant cell with a $\Psi_{\text { s }}$ of $-0.65$ MPa maintains a constant
volume when bathed in a solution that has a $\Psi_{5}$ of $-0.30$ MPa
and is in an open container. The cell has a
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) } \Psi \text { ot }+0.65 \mathrm{MPa} \text { . }} \\ {\text { (B) } \Psi \text { of }-0.65 \mathrm{MPa} \text { . }}\\{\text { (C) } \Psi_{P} \text { of }+0.35 \mathrm{MPa} \text { . }} \\ {\text { (D) } \Psi_{\mathrm{P}} \text { of } 0 \mathrm{MPa.}}\end{array}
\end{equation}

Micháel Riley Ii

Micháel Riley Ii

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Compared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins in its
membrane, a cell containing many aquaporin proteins will
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) have a faster rate of osmosis. }} \\ {\text { (B) have a lower water potential. }} \\ {\text { (C) have a higher water potential. }} \\ {\text { (D) accumulate water by active transport. }}\end{array}\end{equation}

James Thierer

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Which of the following would tend to increase transpiration?
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) spiny leaves }} \\ {\text { (B) sunken stomata }} \\ {\text { (C) a thicker cuticle }} \\ {\text { (D) higher stomatal density }}\end{array}\end{equation}

Shannon Williamson

Shannon Williamson

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

EVOLUTION CONNECTION Large brown algae called kelps can
grow as tall as 25 $\mathrm{m}$ . Kelps consist of a holdfast anchored to the
ocean floor, blades that float at the surface and collect light, and a
long stalk connecting the blades to the holdfast (see Figure 28.12$) .$
Specialized cells in the stalk, although nonvascular, can transport

James Thierer

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA A Minnesota
gardener notes that the plants immediately bordering a walkway
are stunted compared with those farther away. Suspecting
that the soil near the walkway may be contaminated from salt
added to the walkway in winter, the gardener tests the soil. The
composition of the soil near the walkway is identical to that
farther away except that it contains an additional 50 $\mathrm{mM} \mathrm{NaCl}$ .
Assuming that the NaCl is completely ionized, calculate how
much it will lower the solute potential of the soil at $20^{\circ}C$ using
the solute potential equation:
$$\Psi_{\mathrm{s}}=-i C R T$$
where $i$ is the lonization constant $(2$ for $\mathrm{NaCl}), C$ is the
molar concentration (in $\mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L} ), R$ is the pressure constant
$[R=0.00831(\mathrm{L} \cdot \mathrm{MPa}) /(\mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K})],$ and $T$ is the temperature in
Kelvin $\left(273+^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) .$
How would this change in the solute potential of the soil
affect the water potential of the soil? In what way would the
change in the water potential of the soil affect the movement
of water in or out of the roots?

Rashmi Gondi

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cotton plants wilt within a few hours
of flooding of their roots. The flooding leads to low-oxygen
conditions, increases in cytosolic $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ concentration, and
decreases in cytosolic pH. Suggest a hypothesis to explain how
flooding leads to wilting.

James Thierer

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Natural selection
has led to changes in the architecture of plants that enable
them to photosynthesize more efficiently in the ecological
niches they occupy. In a short essay (100-150 words), explain
how shoot architecture enhances photosynthesis.

Megha Ramappan

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Imagine yourself as a water molecule in the soil solution of a
forest. In a short essay $(100-150$ words), explain what pathways
and what forces would be necessary to carry you to the leaves of
these trees.

James Thierer

Numerade Educator