Chapter Questions
One main root, formed from the enlarging embryonic root, with many smaller lateral roots coming out of it is a(an) (a) fibrous root system (b) adventitious root system (c) taproot system (d) contractile root system(e) prop root system
Roots produced at unusual places on the plant are (a) fibrous (b) adventitious (c) taproots (d) contractile (e) mycorrhizae
Root hairs (a) cover and protect the delicate root apical meristem (b) increase the absorptive capacity of roots $(c)$ secrete a waxy cuticle (d) orient the root so it grows downward (e) store excess sugars produced in the leaves
Plants with corms often have __________ roots that pull the bulb deeper into the ground. (a) fibrous (b) adventitious (c) tap (d) contractile (e) prop
Certain plants adapted to flooded soil produce aerial "breathing" roots known as (a) fibrous roots (b) pneumatophores (c) mycorrhizae (d) contractile roots (e) prop roots
Unlike stems, roots produce (a) nodes and internodes (b) root caps and internodes (c) axillary buds and root hairs (d) terminal buds and axillary buds (e) root caps and root hairs
The waterproof region around the radial and transverse walls of endodermal cells is the (a) Casparian strip (b) pericycle (c) apoplast (d) symplast (e) pneumatophore
The apoplast is (a) a layer of cells that surrounds the vascular region in roots (b) the layer of cells just inside the endodermis (c) a system of interconnected plant cell walls through which water moves (d) the central cylinder of the root that comprises the vascular tissues (e) a continuum of cytoplasm of many cells, all connected by plasmodesmata
Plants obtain positively charged nutrient mineral ions from clay particles in the soil by cation exchange, in which (a) roots passively absorb the positively charged mineral ions they require (b) mineral ions flow freely along porous cell walls (c) roots secrete protons, which free other positively charged mineral ions to be absorbed by roots (d) the Casparian strip effectively blocks the passage of water and nutrient mineral ions along the endodermal cell wall (e) a well-developed system of internal air spaces in the root allows both gas exchange and cation exchange
The cell layer from which lateral roots originate is the (a) epidermis (b) cortex (c) endodermis (d) pericycle (e) vascular cambium
The center of a herbaceous dicot root is composed of whereas the center of _________ a monocot root is composed of _________(a) pith; cortex (b) xylem; phloem(c) phloem; xylem(d) xylem; pith (e) pith; xylem
Mutually beneficial associations between certain soil fungi and the roots of most plant species are called (a) mycorrhizae (b) pneumatophores (c) nodules (d) rhizobia (e) humus
Which of the following statements about soil is correct? (a) pore spaces are always filled with about $50 \%$ air and $50 \%$ water (b) a single teaspoon of fertile agricultural soil may contain up to several hundred living microorganisms (c) the texture of a soil is determined by the soil's pH (d) a soil's organic matter includes litter, droppings, and the dead remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms (e) soil formation is unaffected by a region's climate or topography
The technique of growing plants in aerated water containing dissolved nutrient mineral salts is known as (a) hydration(b) hydroponics(c) hydrophilic(d) hydrostatic(e) hydrolysis
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon are collectively known as (a) micronutrients (b) microvilli (c) micronuclei (d) macronuclei (e) macronutrients
In roots of woody plants (a) xylem does not form the central tissue of the root (b) the cortex comprises the bulk of the root (c) the vascular cambium gives rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem (d) the pericycle gives rise to the apical meristem (e) secondary growth occurs despite the lack of a vascular cambium
Corn, sorghum, red mangrove, and banyon are plants that have (a) prop roots (b) buttress roots (c) pneumatophores (d) contractile roots (e) root nodules