Psychology

Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Chapter 3

Sensation and Perception - all with Video Answers

Educators

Ea

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

In making a large pot of chili for a family reunion, you find that you have to add 1 onion to your pot of chill that already has 5 onions mixed in it to notice a difference. According to Wober's Law, how many onions would you have to add to notice a difference if you are making twice as much chill with 10 onions?
a. 1
b. 2
$c \cdot 4$
d. 5

Samia Islam

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

A study purportedly conducted by James Vicary teaches us what about the power of subliminal perception and its effect on advertising?
a. Subliminal advertising can profoundly affect a consumer's decision-making process.
b. Subliminal advertising affects a consumer's decision-making process but only when it involves comfort foods such as popcorn and soda.
c. Subliminal advertising is effective on those who believe in the power of the unconscious.
d. Subliminal advertising was never supported, since Vicary ultimately admitted that he never truly conducted such a study.

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

You detect the strong smell of cedar when you enter a furniture store. However, after a short while in the store, you no longer can detect the smell. This process is known as
a. sensory adaptation.
c. perceptual constancy.
b. habituation.
d. accommodation.

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Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Which of the following terms refers to the amplitude of a light wave such as how high or low the wave is?
a. color
c. pitch
b. brightness
d. hue

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Numerade Educator

Problem 5

When an ophthalmologist surgically corrects a patient's vision through LASIK or PRK, the doctor is making adjustments to the patient's
a. cornea.
c. retina.
b. lens.
d. iris.

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Numerade Educator

Problem 6

What part of the eye hardens as we age, thus causing many to suffer from presbyopia?
a. rods
c. lens
b. cones
d. vitreous humor

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Numerade Educator

Problem 7

A deer's inability to quickly respond to the headlights of an approaching car is due to what sensory phenomenon?
a. dark adaptation
c. afterimage
b. light adaptation
d. opponent-process theory

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Numerade Educator

Problem 8

The hammer, the anvil, and the stirup are part of the
a. outer ear.
c. inner ear.
b. middle ear.
d. cochlea.

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Numerade Educator

Problem 9

John has played his music loudly for years. Now, in his 20 s, he finds he has a continuous ringing in both of his ears. What would John probably be diagnosed with?
a. Tinnitus, which is a nerve-based disorder that has no perma-
nent cure.
b. Conduction-based hearing impairment; however, hearing aids may be able to help.
c. Damage to the pinna, which can be corrected with surgery.
d. Regardless of the disorder, John will ultimately require a cochlear implant.

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Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Studies show that taste preference can typically begin
a. before a baby is born.
b. in the first 3 to 6 months after birth.
c. by age 1
d. during preschool.

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Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Jude is suffering from a severe cold. His nose has been stopped up for several days. What effect, if any, might his cold have on his sense of taste?
a. His sense of taste will be increased since he isn't receiving additional sensory input from his smell.
b. His sense of taste will be dulled since taste and smell often work together.
c. His sense of taste will get better but not until 48 hours after he loses his sense of smell.
d. His sense of taste will be no better or worse since the senses of taste and smell are completely separate.

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

If a child suffers from congenital analgesia, why must he or she be careful when outside playing?
a. The child often cannot hear sounds unless he or she is within 3 feet of the source.
b. The child cannot feel pain and can suffer injuries without even knowing it.
c. The child lacks the ability to react to a dangerous situation.
d. The child's sense of smell does not work properly.

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

If Tabitha closes her eyes when she rides in her parents' car, she can still tell that the car is moving. This is due to the movement of tiny crystals in the
a. outer ear.
c. otolith organs.
b. cochlea.
d. middle ear.

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

A child may sometimes play by quickly turning around in a circle. When the child stops, he or she often feels like his or her head is still spinning. What is responsible for this sensation?
a. fluid still rotating in the semicircular canals
b. proprioceptors
c. compression of the otolith organs
d. disruption of the otolith crystals

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Little Karla is with her mother at the docks waiting for her daddy to return from his naval deployment. While the boat is still a way out her mother says, "There is daddy's boat." Karla is confused. She cannot understand how her dad can be on a boat that is so small that she can hold up her thumb and cover the entire boat. It's safe to assume that Karla does not yet understand
a. size constancy.
c. brightness constancy.
b. shape constancy.
d. color constancy.

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

$x \times x \times x \times x \times x \times x$
$x \times x \times x \times x \times x \times x$
$x \times x \times x \times x \times x \times x$
In viewing the items above, seeing three columns of $X$ s on the left versus three rows of $X$ s on the right can be explained by the Gestalt principle of _________.
a. closure
c. proximity
b. similarity
d. contiguity

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Numerade Educator

Problem 17

From experience, you know that commercial jets typically fly around 500 miles per hour at a height of 30,000 feet. However, as you watch one fly high overhead, it seems to slowly pass by. What monocular depth cue best explains this?
a. motion parallax
c. overlap
b. linear perspective
d. texture gradient

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Numerade Educator

Problem 18

The Müller-Lyer illusion is influenced greatly by one's
a. age.
c. level of intellect.
b. gender.
d. culture.

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Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Allison opened her new jigsaw puzzle but soon realized that she had the same puzzle when she was a child. With her past experience to rely upon, Allison will probably use __________ to help her reassemble the puzzle.
a. bottom-up processing
c. perceptual expectancy
b. top-down processing
d. perceptual set

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Kip enjoys playing with sparklers on the 4 th of July. He always loves watching a friend run with a sparkler and the momentary trail of light that seems to be left behind. Which aspect of our visual system best explains this trail of light?
a. lateral inhibition
b. microsaccades of the eyes
c. persistence of vision
d. achromatopsia

Samia Islam

Numerade Educator