Biology 2015

The conversion of an environmental stimulus into a nerve impulse is called sensory
a. conduction.
b. conversion.
c. transduction.
d. transformation.

The brain is able to interpret nerve impulses coming from sensory receptors as vision, hearing, taste, and so on mainly because
a. the impulses are of different strength (quantity).
b. the impulses are of different types (quality).
c. impulses originating in different sensory organs travel to different areas of the brain.
d. None of these are correct.

Which type of sensory receptor is involved in detecting blood pressure?
a. chemoreceptors
b. mechanoreceptors
c. photoreceptors
d. thermoreceptors

Which association is incorrect?
a. chemoreceptors on antennae—crustaceans
b. chemoreceptors on feet—insects
c. Jacobson’s organs in mouth—planarians
d. taste buds on tongue—humans

Which of the following is not a major type of taste receptor in humans?
a. salty
b. spicy
c. sour
d. sweet

In humans, most olfactory cells are located in the
a. nasal cavity.
b. nostrils.
c. pharynx.
d. roof of the mouth.

Which association is incorrect?
a. camera-type eye—molluscs
b. compound eye—arthropods
c. eyespots—planarians
d. panoramic vision—predators

Which of the following is the correct path for light rays entering the human eye?
a. sclera, retina, choroid, lens, cornea
b. fovea centralis, pupil, aqueous humor, lens
c. cornea, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina
d. optic nerve, sclera, choroid, retina, humors
e. All of these are correct.

Label this diagram of the human eye. State a function for each structure labeled.

To focus on objects that are close to the viewer,
a. the suspensory ligaments must be pulled tight.
b. the lens needs to become more rounded.
c. the ciliary muscle will be relaxed.
d. the image must focus on the area of the optic nerve.

Which abnormality of the eye is correctly matched?
a. cataracts—cloudy corneas
b. glaucoma—intraocular pressure is decreased
c. farsightedness—eyeball is longer than usual
d. nearsightedness—image focuses behind the retina
e. astigmatism—cornea or lens is uneven

Which of the following is not involved with the detection of sound waves?
a. tympanum of insects
b. statocysts of crustaceans
c. lateral line of fishes
d. skeleton of amphibians and snakes

Which one of these wouldn’t you mention if you were tracing the path of sound vibrations through the human ear?
a. auditory canal
b. tympanic membrane
c. semicircular canals
d. cochlea
e. ossicles

Which one of these correctly describes the location of the organ of Corti?
a. between the tympanic membrane and the oval window in the inner ear
b. in the utricle and saccule within the vestibule
c. between the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane in the cochlear canal
d. between the outer and inner ear within the semicircular canals

Stimulation of hair cells in the semicircular canals results from the movement of
a. endolymph.
b. aqueous humor.
c. basilar membrane.
d. otoliths.

Mechanoreceptors involved in maintaining muscle tone and body posture are called
a. cutaneous receptors.
b. pain receptors.
c. proprioceptors.
d. statocysts.

Which type of cutaneous receptor is sensitive to pressure?
a. Meissner corpuscle
b. Merkel disk
c. Pacinian corpuscle
d. root hair plexus

Nerve impulses generated by nociceptors are interpreted by the brain as
a. fine touch.
b. heat.
c. pain.
d. pressure