Biology: The Dynamic Science

Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter 41

Sensory Systems - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

An ambulance siren in close proximity to a dog can cause the dog to howl in pain. Which receptors are responsible for this response?
a. Thermoreceptors and chemoreceptors
b. Photoreceptors and nociceptors
c. Mechanoreceptors and nociceptors
d. Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
e. Photoreceptors and chemoreceptors

Joanna Quigley

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

The sensation of sheets lessens if you lie still in bed. The response is due to:
a. sensory adaptation of mechanoreceptors.
b. sensory adaptation of nociceptors.
c. $\mathrm{pH}$ change receptors associated with sleep.
d. the vestibular apparatus.
e. vibration detecting systems.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

The following situation is associated with movement and position in the human body:
a. Statoliths in statocysts bend sensory hairs and trigger action potentials.
b. If sensory hairs in the utricle are oriented horizontally and those in the saccule are oriented vertically, the person is lying down.
c. When the head rotates, the endolymph in the semicircular canal pulls the cupula with it to activate sensory hair cells.
d. Displacement of the utricle and saccule generates action potentials.
e. If the body is spinning at a constant rate and direction, the cupula is displaced and action potentials are initiated.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Neuromast function is best described as:
a. nonadapting pain receptors.
b. stereocilia that bend and generate action potentials.
c. statoliths that detect motion.
d. motor axons that activate motion.
e. cupulas that detect vibrations.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Structures in the vertebrate ear are activated by sound waves in the following order:
a. oval window, tympanic membrane, semicircular canals, Golgi tendon organ, incus, malleus, stapes.
b. organ of Corti, malleus, incus, stapes, auditory nerve, tympanic membrane.
c. eustachian tube, round window, vestibular canal, tympanic canal, cochlear canal, oval window, pinna.
d. basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, otoliths, utricle, saccule, malleus, cochlea.
e. pinna, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlear duct.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

The eyes of vertebrates and cephalopods are similar in structure and function. A difference between the vertebrate eye and the cephalopod eye is that the vertebrate eye has:
a. an iris surrounding the pupil, whereas in cephalopods the pupil surrounds the iris.
b. a lens that changes shape when focusing, whereas in cephalopods the lens moves back and forth to focus.
c. a retina that moves in the socket when recording the image, whereas in cephalopods the retina changes shape when stimulated.
d. a pupil that shrinks in size in bright light, whereas cephalopods have a pupil that enlarges in bright light.
e. retinal synthesized from vitamin A, whereas cephalopods lack retinal.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Which of the following events does not occur during light absorption in the vertebrate eye?
a. The retinal component of rhodopsin changes from cis to trans form.
b. Rhodopsin, a G-protein-coupled receptor, triggers a signal transduction pathway to close Na $^{+}$ channels in the plasma membrane.
c. The light stimulus passes from rods and cones to bipolar cells and horizontal cells and then to ganglion cells, whose axons compose the optic nerve.
d. As light absorption increases, the rhodopsin response causes an increase in the release of neurotransmitters.
e. When integrating information across the retina, horizontal cells connect the rods and cones, and amacrine cells join with the bipolar cells and ganglion cells.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

The variety of color seen by humans is directly dependent on the:
a. activation of three different photopsins in cones.
b. transmission of an image to separate brain hemispheres by the optic chiasm.
c. transmission of impulses from rods across the lateral geniculate nuclei.
d. lateral inhibition by amacrine cells.
e. light stimulation of all photoreceptor types equally.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

In terrestrial animals:
a. the hairs of taste receptors are derived from cilia and contain microtubules.
b. the hairs of smell receptors are derived from microvilli and contain microfilaments.
c. signals from taste receptors are relayed to the temporal lobes.
d. information from olfactory receptors is processed in the parietal lobes.
e. connections from the olfactory bulbs lead to the limbic system

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

In the human response to temperature or pain:
a. $\mathrm{all} \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ channels act as pain receptors.
b. cold receptors are activated between $27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
c. pain receptors decrease the rate at which they send out action potentials if the pain is constant.
d. nociceptors activated by capsaicin transmit pain messages to the brain.
e. the CNS releases glutamate or substance $\mathrm{P}$ to dull the pain sensation.

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator