Chapter Questions
Distinguish among the following point defects:vacancy, interstitial impurity, and dislocations.
What is a solid solution?
How can dislocations weaken a metal?
Why are metals softer than would be expected?
Metals are able to deform when a stress is applied. Explain why.
Describe the differences among metals, semiconductors, and insulators.
Explain how metals conduct an electric current.
Explain why metals become better conductors of electricity as the temperature decreases but semiconductors become better conductors of electricity as the temperature increases.
Explain why adding small quantities of arsenic or gallium increases the conductivity of silicon.
Describe the difference between $n$ -type and $p$ -type semiconductors.
Why do metals feel cold even though they are at room temperature?
Why is air a good insulator?
Which would feel colder to the touch, concrete or cardboard? Both are at room temperature.
When a garage door opener is activated, a light comes on to light the interior of the garage. Explain how you might make a device that would turn the light on and then would turn the light off after a few minutes.
If copper and iron metals are the components of a bimetallic strip, in which direction will the strip bend when heated?
How does a substance characterized as a glass differ from a ceramic?
In what region on the bond-type triangle, Figure $5.10,$ would ceramics be found?
Why do ceramics tend to be brittle?
Which of the compounds in Problem 68 of Chapter 9 could be classified as ceramic?
Ceramics or glasses may break if heated quickly. Explain why. What can be done to strengthen these materials?
What would be the advantages of a ceramic automobile engine over the conventional engine?