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Basic Chemistry

Karen C. Timberlake, William Timberlake

Chapter 12

Solutions - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

01:13

Problem 1

Identify the solute and the solvent in each solution composed of the following:
a. $10.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ and $100.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of ethanol, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}$, and $10.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
c. $0.20 \mathrm{~L}_{2}$ of $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ and $0.80 \mathrm{~L}$ of $\mathrm{N}_{2}$

Emily Harris
Emily Harris
Numerade Educator
01:27

Problem 2

Identify the solute and the solvent in each solution composed of the following:
a. $10.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of acetic acid, $\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}$, and $200 . \mathrm{mL}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. $100.0 \mathrm{~mL}^{2}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ and $5.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of sugar, $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$
c. $1.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{Br}_{2}$ and $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of methylene chloride, $\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}$

Emily Harris
Emily Harris
Numerade Educator
01:15

Problem 3

Describe the formation of an aqueous KI solution, when solid KI dissolves in water.

Emily Harris
Emily Harris
Numerade Educator
01:19

Problem 4

Describe the formation of an aqueous LiBr solution, when solid LiBr dissolves in water.

Emily Harris
Emily Harris
Numerade Educator
02:18

Problem 5

Water is a polar solvent and carbon tetrachloride $\left(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\right)$ is a nonpolar solvent. In which solvent is each of the following, which is found or used in the body, more likely to be soluble?
a. $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$ (calcium supplement), ionic
b. retinol (vitamin A), nonpolar
c. sucrose (table sugar), polar
d. cholesterol (lipid), nonpolar

Mystique Till
Mystique Till
Numerade Educator
02:40

Problem 6

Water is a polar solvent and hexane $\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}\right)$ is a nonpolar solvent. In which solvent is each of the following, which is found or used in the body, more likely to be soluble?
a. vegetable oil, nonpolar
b. oleic acid (lipid), nonpolar
c. niacin (vitamin $B_{3}$ ), polar
d. $\mathrm{FeSO}_{4}$ (iron supplement), ionic

Vasu Makani
Vasu Makani
Numerade Educator
00:24

Problem 7

KF is a strong electrolyte, and HF is a weak electrolyte. How is the solution of KF different from that of HF?

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
00:23

Problem 8

$\mathrm{NaOH}$ is a strong electrolyte, and $\mathrm{CH}_{4} \mathrm{O}$ is a nonelectrolyte. How is the solution of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ different from that of $\mathrm{CH}_{4} \mathrm{O}$ ?

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
00:41

Problem 9

Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of each of the following strong electrolytes in water:
a. $\mathrm{KCl}$
b. $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$
c. $\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$
d. $\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}$

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
00:34

Problem 10

Write a balanced equation for the dissociation of each of the following strong electrolytes in water:
a. $\mathrm{LiBr}$
b. $\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$
c. $\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}$
d. $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
00:29

Problem 11

Indicate whether aqueous solutions of each of the following solutes contain only ions, only molecules, or mostly molecules and a few ions:
a. acetic acid, $\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}$, a weak electrolyte
b. $\mathrm{NaBr}$, a strong electrolyte
c. fructose, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}$, a nonelectrolyte

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
03:04

Problem 12

Indicate whether aqueous solutions of each of the following solutes contain only ions, only molecules, or mostly molecules and a few ions:
a. $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}$, a strong electrolyte
b. ethanol, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}$, a nonelectrolyte
c. hydrocyanic acid, HCN, a weak electrolyte

Dr. Satish Ingale
Dr. Satish Ingale
Numerade Educator
00:21

Problem 13

Classify the solute represented in each of the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte:
a. $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(s) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\longrightarrow} 2 \mathrm{~K}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{SO}_{4}{ }^{2-}(a q)$
b. $\mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftarrows \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q)$
c. $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(s) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(a q)$

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
01:19

Problem 14

Classify the solute represented in each of the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte:
a. $\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}(l) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}(a q)$
b. $\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(s) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)$
c. $\mathrm{HClO}(a q) \stackrel{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}{\rightleftarrows} \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{ClO}^{-}(a q)$

Shveta Prithiani
Shveta Prithiani
Numerade Educator
01:06

Problem 15

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution:
a. A crystal added to a solution does not change in size.
b. A sugar cube completely dissolves when added to a cup of coffee.
c. A uric acid concentration of $4.6 \mathrm{mg} / 100 \mathrm{~mL}$ in the kidney does not cause gout.

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:21

Problem 16

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution:
a. A spoonful of salt added to boiling water dissolves.
b. A layer of sugar forms on the bottom of a glass of tea as ice is added.
c. A kidney stone of calcium phosphate forms in the kidneys when urine becomes concentrated.
$$
\begin{aligned}
&\text { Use the following table for problems } 12.17 \text { to } 12.20 \text { : }\\
&\begin{array}{|l|c|c|}
\hline & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\text { Solubility (g/100. } \left.\mathbf{g ~ H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)} \\
\hline \text { Substance } & 20^{\circ} \mathrm{C} & 50^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\
\hline \mathrm{KCl} & 34 & 43 \\
\hline \mathrm{NaNO}_{3} & 88 & 110 \\
\hline \mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11} \text { (sugar) } & 204 & 260 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{aligned}
$$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
View

Problem 17

Determine whether each of the following solutions will be saturated or unsaturated at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ :
a. adding $25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ to 100 . $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. adding $11 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$ to $25 \mathrm{~g}_{2}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
c. adding 400. g of sugar to $125 \mathrm{~g}^{2} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

Tanvi Garg
Tanvi Garg
Numerade Educator
02:22

Problem 18

Determine whether each of the following solutions will be saturated or unsaturated at $50{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ :
a. adding $25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ to $50 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. adding 150 . $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$ to $75 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
c. adding $80 . \mathrm{g}$ of sugar to $25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:52

Problem 19

A solution containing $80 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ in $200 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ at $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is cooled to $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
a. How many grams of $\mathrm{KCl}$ remain in solution at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?
b. How many grams of solid $\mathrm{KCl}$ crystallized after cooling?

Mystique Till
Mystique Till
Numerade Educator
01:05

Problem 20

A solution containing 80. g of $\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$ in $75 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ at $50{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is cooled to $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
a. How many grams of $\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$ remain in solution at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?
b. How many grams of solid $\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$ crystallized after cooling?

Breanna Ollech
Breanna Ollech
Numerade Educator
00:45

Problem 21

Explain the following observations:
a. More sugar dissolves in hot tea than in iced tea.
b. Champagne in a warm room goes flat.
c. A warm can of soda has more spray when opened than a cold one.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
00:41

Problem 22

Explain the following observations:
a. An open can of soda loses its "fizz" faster at room temperature than in the refrigerator.
b. Chlorine gas in tap water escapes as the sample warms to room temperature.
c. Less sugar dissolves in iced coffee than in hot coffee.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
01:00

Problem 23

Predict whether each of the following ionic compounds is soluble in water:
a. $\mathrm{LiCl}$
b. $\mathrm{PbS}$
c. $\mathrm{BaCO}_{3}$
d. $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
e. $\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}$

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
01:17

Problem 24

Predict whether each of the following ionic compounds is soluble in water:
a. $\mathrm{AgCl}$
b. KI
c. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}$
d. $\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
e. $\mathrm{CaSO}_{4}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
02:14

Problem 25

Determine whether a solid forms when solutions containing the following ionic compounds are mixed. If so, write the ionic equation and the net ionic equation.
a. $\mathrm{KCl}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(a q)$
b. $\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(a q)$
c. $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)$
d. $\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{Li}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q)$

Anand Jangid
Anand Jangid
Numerade Educator
01:43

Problem 26

Determine whether a solid forms when solutions containing the following ionic compounds are mixed. If so, write the ionic equation and the net ionic equation.
a. $\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)$
b. $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q)$
c. $\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q)$
d. $\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{KOH}(a q)$

Anand Jangid
Anand Jangid
Numerade Educator
02:34

Problem 27

What is the difference between a $5.00 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{m})$ glucose solution and a $5.00 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution?

Vasu Makani
Vasu Makani
Numerade Educator
02:19

Problem 28

What is the difference between a $10.0 \%(\mathrm{v} / \mathrm{v})$ methanol solution and a $10.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{m})$ methanol solution?

Vasu Makani
Vasu Makani
Numerade Educator
01:50

Problem 29

Calculate the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ for the solute in each of the following:
a. $25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ and $125 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. $12 \mathrm{~g}$ of sucrose in $225 \mathrm{~g}$ of tea solution
c. $8.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ in $80.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
02:19

Problem 30

Calculate the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ for the solute in each of the following:
a. $75 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ in $325 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution
b. $2.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KOH}$ and $20.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
c. $48.5 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$ in $250.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$ solution

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
01:14

Problem 31

Calculate the mass/volume percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{v})$ for the solute in each of the following:
a. $75 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ in $250 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution
b. $39 \mathrm{~g}$ of sucrose in $355 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a carbonated drink

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
01:16

Problem 32

Calculate the mass/volume percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{v})$ for the solute in each of the following:
a. $2.50 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{LiCl}$ in $40.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $\mathrm{LiCl}$ solution
b. $7.5 \mathrm{~g}$ of casein in $120 \mathrm{~mL}$ of low-fat milk

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
02:29

Problem 33

Calculate the grams or milliliters of solute needed to prepare the following:
a. $50 . \mathrm{g}$ of a $5.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{m}) \mathrm{KCl}$ solution
b. $1250 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $4.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}$ solution
c. $250 . \mathrm{mL}$ of a $10.0 \%(\mathrm{v} / \mathrm{v})$ acetic acid solution

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
01:53

Problem 34

Calculate the grams or milliliters of solute needed to prepare the following:
a. 150 . g of a $40.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{m}) \mathrm{LiNO}_{3}$ solution
b. $450 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $2.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KOH}$ solution
c. $225 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $15 \%(\mathrm{v} / \mathrm{v})$ isopropyl alcohol solution

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
00:55

Problem 35

A mouthwash contains $22.5 \%$ (v/v) alcohol. If the bottle of mouthwash contains $355 \mathrm{~mL}$, what is the volume, in milliliters, of alcohol?

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
00:38

Problem 36

A bottle of champagne is $11 \%(\mathrm{v} / \mathrm{v})$ alcohol. If there are $750 \mathrm{~mL}$ of champagne in the bottle, what is the volume, in milliliters, of alcohol?

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
02:40

Problem 37

For each of the following solutions, calculate the:
a. grams of a $25 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{m}) \mathrm{LiNO}_{3}$ solution that contains $5.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{LiNO}_{3}$
b. milliliters of a $10.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KOH}$ solution that contains $40.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KOH}$
c. milliliters of a $10.0 \%(\mathrm{v} / \mathrm{v})$ formic acid solution that contains $2.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of formic acid

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
02:17

Problem 38

For each of the following solutions, calculate the:
a. grams of a $2.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{m}) \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution that contains $7.50 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaCl}$
b. milliliters of a $25 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaF}$ solution that contains $4.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaF}$
c. milliliters of an $8.0 \%(\mathrm{v} / \mathrm{v})$ ethanol solution that contains $20.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of ethanol

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
09:26

Problem 39

Calculate the molarity of each of the following:
a. $2.00 \mathrm{~mol}$ of glucose in $4.00 \mathrm{~L}$ of a glucose solution
b. $4.00 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KOH}$ in $2.00 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $\mathrm{KOH}$ solution
c. $5.85 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ in $400 . \mathrm{mL}$ of a $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution

JP
James Palmer
Numerade Educator
07:23

Problem 40

Calculate the molarity of each of the following:
a. $0.500 \mathrm{~mol}$ of glucose in $0.200 \mathrm{~L}$ of a glucose solution
b. $73.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{HCl}$ in $2.00 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution
c. $30.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ in $350 . \mathrm{mL}$ of a $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution

JP
James Palmer
Numerade Educator
02:47

Problem 41

Calculate the grams of solute needed to prepare each of the following:
a. $2.00 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $1.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution
b. $4.00 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $0.200 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl}$ solution
c. $25.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
03:21

Problem 42

Calculate the grams of solute needed to prepare each of the following:
a. $2.00 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution
b. $5.00 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $0.100 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution
c. $175 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $3.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$ solution

Vasu Makani
Vasu Makani
Numerade Educator
06:26

Problem 43

For each of the following solutions, calculate the:
a. liters of a $2.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KBr}$ solution to obtain $3.00 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{KBr}$
b. liters of a $1.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution to obtain $15.0 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{NaCl}$
c. milliliters of a $0.800 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$ solution to obtain $0.0500 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$

JP
James Palmer
Numerade Educator
06:14

Problem 44

For each of the following solutions, calculate the:
a. liters of a $4.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl}$ solution to obtain $0.100 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$
b. liters of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution to obtain $5.00 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{HCl}$
c. milliliters of a $2.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution to obtain $1.20 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$

JP
James Palmer
Numerade Educator
03:44

Problem 45

Calculate the volume, in milliliters, for each of the following that provides the given amount of solute:
a. $12.5 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$ from a $0.120 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$ solution
b. $0.850 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$ from a $0.500 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$ solution
c. $30.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{LiOH}$ from a $2.70 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{LiOH}$ solution

Oluwapelumi Kolawole
Oluwapelumi Kolawole
Numerade Educator
02:33

Problem 46

Calculate the volume, in liters, for each of the following that provides the given amount of solute:
a. $5.00 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ from a $12.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution
b. $15.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ from a $4.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution
c. $28.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$ from a $1.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$ solution

Lijeesh Krishnan
Lijeesh Krishnan
Numerade Educator
01:17

Problem 47

A patient receives $100 . \mathrm{mL}$ of $20 . \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ mannitol solution every hour.
a. How many grams of mannitol are given in $1 \mathrm{~h}$ ?
b. How many grams of mannitol does the patient receive in $12 \mathrm{~h}$ ?

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
00:57

Problem 48

A patient receives $250 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $4.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ amino acid solution twice a day.
a. How many grams of amino acids are in $250 \mathrm{~mL}$ of solution?
b. How many grams of amino acids does the patient receive in 1 day?

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
01:31

Problem 49

A patient needs 100. $\mathrm{g}$ of glucose in the next $12 \mathrm{~h}$. How many liters of a $5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution must be given?

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
01:22

Problem 50

A patient received $2.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ in $8 \mathrm{~h}$. How many milliliters of a $0.90 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaCl}$ (saline) solution were delivered?

Thomas Harr
Thomas Harr
Numerade Educator
01:46

Problem 51

To make tomato soup, you add one can of water to the condensed soup. Why is this a dilution?

Ashley Brady
Ashley Brady
Numerade Educator
00:26

Problem 52

A can of frozen lemonade calls for the addition of three cans of water to make a pitcher of the beverage. Why is this a dilution?

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
00:48

Problem 53

Calculate the final concentration of each of the following:
a. $2.0 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $6.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution is added to water so that the final volume is $6.0 \mathrm{~L}$.
b. Water is added to $0.50 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $12 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution to make $3.0 \mathrm{~L}$ of a diluted $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution.
c. A $10.0-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of a $25 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KOH}$ solution is diluted with water so that the final volume is $100.0 \mathrm{~mL}$.
d. A $50.0-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of a $15 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution is added to water to give a final volume of $250 \mathrm{~mL}$.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
00:29

Problem 54

Calculate the final concentration of each of the following:
a. $1.0 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $4.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ solution is added to water so that the final volume is $8.0 \mathrm{~L}$.
b. Water is added to $0.25 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $6.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaF}$ solution to make $2.0 \mathrm{~L}$ of a diluted $\mathrm{NaF}$ solution.
c. A $50.0-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of an $8.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KBr}$ solution is diluted with water so that the final volume is $200.0 \mathrm{~mL}$.
d. A $5.0-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of a $50.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ acetic acid $\left(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)$ solution is added to water to give a final volume of $25 \mathrm{~mL}$.

Sam Limsuwannarot
Sam Limsuwannarot
Numerade Educator
01:20

Problem 55

Determine the final volume, in milliliters, of each of the following:
a. a $1.5 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution prepared from $20.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $6.0 \mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution
b. a $2.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{LiCl}$ solution prepared from $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $10.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{LiCl}$ solution
c. a $0.500 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$ solution prepared from $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$ solution
d. a $5.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution prepared from $75 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $12 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:23

Problem 56

Determine the final volume, in milliliters, of each of the following:
a. a $1.00 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution prepared from $10.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $20.0 \% \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution
b. a $0.10 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution prepared from $25 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $6.0 \mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution
c. a $1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution prepared from $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $12 \mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution
d. a $1.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution prepared from $18 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $4.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:09

Problem 57

Determine the initial volume, in milliliters, required to prepare each of the following:
a. $255 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.200 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ solution using a $4.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ solution
b. $715 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.100 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{MgCl}_{2}$ solution using a $6.00 \mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}$ solution
c. $0.100 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $0.150 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl}$ solution using an $8.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:33

Problem 58

Determine the initial volume, in milliliters, required to prepare each of the following:
a. $20.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.250 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KNO}_{3}$ solution using a $6.00 \mathrm{M}$ $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$ solution
b. $25.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $2.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution using a $12.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution
c. $0.500 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $1.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}$ solution using a $10.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:11

Problem 59

You need $500 . \mathrm{mL}$ of a $5.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution. If you have a $25 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution on hand, how many milliliters do you need?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:07

Problem 60

A doctor orders $100 . \mathrm{mL}$ of $2.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ ibuprofen. If you have $8.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ ibuprofen on hand, how many milliliters do you need?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
02:55

Problem 61

Answer the following for the reaction:
$$
\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)+2 \mathrm{KCl}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{PbCl}_{2}(s)+2 \mathrm{KNO}_{3}(a q)
$$
a. How many grams of $\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}$ will be formed from $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $1.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl}$ solution?
b. How many milliliters of a $2.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$ solution will react with $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $1.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KCl}$ solution?
c. What is the molarity of $20.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution that reacts completely with $30.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.400 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$ solution?

Adriano Chikande
Adriano Chikande
Numerade Educator
04:38

Problem 62

Answer the following for the reaction:
$$
\mathrm{NiCl}_{2}(a q)+2 \mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}(s)+2 \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)
$$
a. How many milliliters of a $0.200 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution are needed to react with $18.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.500 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NiCl}_{2}$ solution?
b. How many grams of $\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$ are produced from the reaction of $35.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $1.75 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution and excess $\mathrm{NiCl}_{2}$ ?
c. What is the molarity of $30.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $\mathrm{NiCl}_{2}$ solution that reacts completely with $10.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.250 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution?

Nicholas Mogoi
Nicholas Mogoi
Numerade Educator
08:12

Problem 63

Answer the following for the reaction:
$$
2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Mg}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(a q)
$$
a. How many milliliters of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution are require to react with $15.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of magnesium?
b. How many liters of hydrogen gas can form at STP when $0.500 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $2.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution reacts with excess magnesium?
c. What is the molarity of a $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution if the reaction of $45.2 \mathrm{~mL}$ of the $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution with excess magnesium produces $5.20 \mathrm{~L}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2}$ gas at $735 \mathrm{mmHg}$ and $25{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?

Cheryl Glor
Cheryl Glor
Numerade Educator
02:00

Problem 64

Answer the following for the reaction:
$$
2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}(a q)
$$
a. How many milliliters of a $0.200 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution can react with $8.25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$ ?
b. How many liters of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ gas can form at STP when $15.5 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $3.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution reacts with excess $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$ ?
c. What is the molarity of a $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution if the reaction of 200. $\mathrm{mL}$ of the $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution with excess $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$ produces $12.0 \mathrm{~L}$ of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ gas at $725 \mathrm{mmHg}$ and $18{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?

Ma Ednelyn Lim
Ma Ednelyn Lim
Numerade Educator
05:05

Problem 65

Answer the following for the reaction:
$$
2 \mathrm{HBr}(a q)+\mathrm{Zn}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{ZnBr}_{2}(a q)
$$
a. How many milliliters of a $3.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HBr}$ solution are required to react with $8.56 \mathrm{~g}$ of zinc?
b. How many liters of hydrogen gas can form at STP when $0.750 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $6.00 \mathrm{M}$ HBr solution reacts with excess zinc?
c. What is the molarity of a $\mathrm{HBr}$ solution if the reaction of $28.7 \mathrm{~mL}$ of the $\mathrm{HBr}$ solution with excess zinc produces $0.620 \mathrm{~L}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2}$ gas at $725 \mathrm{mmHg}$ and $24^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?

Jason Boomer
Jason Boomer
Numerade Educator
03:29

Problem 66

Answer the following for the reaction:
$$
3 \mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ag}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(s)+3 \mathrm{NaNO}_{3}(a q)
$$
a. How many milliliters of a $0.265 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{AgNO}_{3}$ solution are required to react with $31.2 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $0.154 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$ solution?
b. How many grams of silver phosphate are produced from the reaction of $25.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.165 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{AgNO}_{3}$ solution and excess $\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$ ?
c. What is the molarity of $20.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$ solution that reacts completely with $15.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.576 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{AgNO}$ solution?

Eileen Sullivan
Eileen Sullivan
Numerade Educator
00:52

Problem 67

Identify each of the following as characteristic of a solution, colloid, or suspension:
a. a mixture that cannot be separated by a semipermeable membrane
b. a mixture that settles out upon standing

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:32

Problem 68

Identify each of the following as characteristic of a solution, colloid, or suspension:
a. particles of this mixture remain inside a semipermeable membrane but pass through filters
b. particles of solute in this mixture are very large and visible

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:45

Problem 69

Calculate the molality $(m)$ of the following solutions:
a. $325 \mathrm{~g}$ of methanol, $\mathrm{CH}_{4} \mathrm{O}$, a nonelectrolyte, added to $455 \mathrm{~g}$ of water
b. $640 . \mathrm{g}$ of the antifreeze propylene glycol, $\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}$, a nonelectrolyte, dissolved in $1.22 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water

Lijeesh Krishnan
Lijeesh Krishnan
Numerade Educator
01:41

Problem 70

Calculate the molality $(m)$ of the following solutions:
a. $65.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of glucose, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}$, a nonelectrolyte, dissolved in $112 \mathrm{~g}$ of water
b. 110 . $\mathrm{g}$ of sucrose, $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$, a nonelectrolyte, dissolved in $1.50 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water

Lijeesh Krishnan
Lijeesh Krishnan
Numerade Educator
12:29

Problem 71

Calculate the freezing point and boiling point of each solution in problem 12.69.

Shalini Tyagi
Shalini Tyagi
Numerade Educator
View

Problem 72

Calculate the freezing point and boiling point of each solution in problem $12.70$.

Anand Jangid
Anand Jangid
Numerade Educator
02:26

Problem 73

In each pair, identify the solution that will have a lower freezing point. Explain.
a. $1.0 \mathrm{~mol}$ of glycerol (nonelectrolyte) and $2.0 \mathrm{~mol}$ of ethylene glycol (nonelectrolyte) each in $1.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
b. $0.50 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ (strong electrolyte) and $0.50 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}$ (strong electrolyte) each in $1.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water

Susan Hallstrom
Susan Hallstrom
Numerade Educator
02:34

Problem 74

In each pair, identify the solution that will have a higher boiling point. Explain.
a. $1.50 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{LiOH}$ (strong electrolyte) and $3.00 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{KOH}$ (strong electrolyte) each in $1.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
b. $0.40 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}$ (strong electrolyte) and $0.40 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{CsCl}$ (strong electrolyte) each in $1.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water

Susan Hallstrom
Susan Hallstrom
Numerade Educator
00:33

Problem 75

A $10 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ starch solution is separated from a $1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ starch solution by a semipermeable membrane. (Starch is a colloid.)
a. Which compartment has the higher osmotic pressure?
b. In which direction will water flow initially?
c. In which compartment will the volume level rise?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:33

Problem 76

A $0.1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ albumin solution is separated from a $2 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ albumin solution by a semipermeable membrane. (Albumin is a colloid.)
a. Which compartment has the higher osmotic pressure?
b. In which direction will water flow initially?
c. In which compartment will the volume level rise?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:01

Problem 77

Indicate the compartment (A or $\mathbf{B}$ ) that will increase in volume for each of the following pairs of solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane:
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\text { A }} & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\text { B }} \\
\hline \text { a. } 5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { sucrose } & 10 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { sucrose } \\
\hline \text { b. } 8 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { albumin } & 4 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { albumin } \\
\hline \text { c. } 0.1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { starch } & 10 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { starch } \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:54

Problem 78

Indicate the compartment (A or $\mathbf{B})$ that will increase in volume for each of the following pairs of solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane:
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{ A } & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{ B } \\
\hline a. $20 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ starch & $10 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ starch \\
\hline b. $10 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ albumin & $2 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ albumin \\
\hline c. $0.5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ sucrose & $5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ sucrose \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:55

Problem 79

Are the following solutions isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic compared with a red blood cell?
a. distilled $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. $1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose
c. $0.9 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaCl}$
d. $15 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:31

Problem 80

Will a red blood cell undergo crenation, hemolysis, or no change in each of the following solutions?
a. $1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose
b. $2 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaCl}$
c. $5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose
d. $0.1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaCl}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:18

Problem 81

Each of the following mixtures is placed in a dialyzing bag and immersed in distilled water. Which substances will be found outside the bag in the distilled water?
a. $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution
b. starch solution (colloid) and alanine (an amino acid) solution
c. $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution and starch solution (colloid)
d. urea solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:53

Problem 82

Each of the following mixtures is placed in a dialyzing bag and immersed in distilled water. Which substances will be found outside the bag in the distilled water?
a. $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution and glucose solution
b. albumin solution (colloid)
c. an albumin solution (colloid), $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution, and glucose solution
d. urea solution and $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:31

Problem 83

A doctor orders $0.075 \mathrm{~g}$ of chlorpromazine, which is used to treat schizophrenia. If the stock solution is $2.5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$, how many milliliters are administered to the patient?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:31

Problem 84

A doctor orders $5.0 \mathrm{mg}$ of compazine, which is used to treat nausea, vertigo, and migraine headaches. If the stock solution is $2.5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$, how many milliliters are administered to the patient?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:06

Problem 85

$\mathrm{A} \mathrm{CaCl}{ }_{2}$ solution is given to increase blood levels of calcium. If a patient receives $5.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $10 . \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution, how many grams of $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ were given?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:07

Problem 86

An intravenous solution of mannitol is used as a diuretic to increase the loss of sodium and chloride by a patient. If a patient receives $30.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $25 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ mannitol solution, how many grams of mannitol were given?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:32

Problem 87

Match the diagrams with the following: (12.1)
a. a polar solute and a polar solvent
b. a nonpolar solute and a polar solvent
c. a nonpolar solute and a nonpolar solvent

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:44

Problem 88

If all the solute is dissolved in diagram 1 , how would heating or cooling the solution cause each of the following changes? (12.3)
a. 2 to 3
b. 2 to 1

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:09

Problem 89

Select the diagram that represents the solution formed by a solute $\bigcirc O$ that is a (12.2)
a. nonelectrolyte
b. weak electrolyte
c. strong electrolyte

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:30

Problem 90

Select the container that represents the dilution of a $4 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution to give each of the following: (12.5)
a. a $2 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KCl}$ solution
b. a $1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KCl}$ solution
Use the following illustration of beakers and solutions for problems $12.91$ and $12.92$ :

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
03:17

Problem 91

Use the following ions: (12.3)
$\mathrm{Na}^{+} \bigcirc \mathrm{Cl}^{-} \bigcirc \mathrm{Ag}^{+} \bigcirc \quad \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$
a. Select the beaker $(\mathbf{1}, \mathbf{2}, \mathbf{3}$, or $\mathbf{4})$ that contains the products after the solutions in beakers $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are mixed.
b. If an insoluble ionic compound forms, write the ionic equation.
c. If a reaction occurs, write the net ionic equation.

Riley Mankin
Riley Mankin
Numerade Educator
01:57

Problem 92

Use the following ions: (12.3)
$\mathrm{K}^{+} \bigcirc \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-} \mathrm{O} \quad \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{Br}^{-}$
a. Select the beaker $(\mathbf{1}, \mathbf{2}, \mathbf{3}$, or $\mathbf{4})$ that contains the products after the solutions in beakers $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are mixed.
b. If an insoluble ionic compound forms, write the ionic equation.
c. If a reaction occurs, write the net ionic equation.

Eileen Sullivan
Eileen Sullivan
Numerade Educator
00:43

Problem 93

A pickle is made by soaking a cucumber in brine, a saltwater solution. What makes the smooth cucumber become

Emily Himsel
Emily Himsel
Numerade Educator
00:25

Problem 94

Why do lettuce leaves in a salad wilt after a vinaigrette dressing containing salt is added? (12.8)

Emily Himsel
Emily Himsel
Numerade Educator
01:12

Problem 95

A semipermeable membrane separates two compartments, $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$. If the levels in $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are equal initially, select the diagram that illustrates the final levels in a to d: (12.8)
1
$$
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { Solution in A } & \text { Solution in B } \\
\hline \text { a. } 2 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { starch } & 8 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { starch } \\
\hline \text { b. } 1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { starch } & 1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { starch } \\
\hline \text { c. } 5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { sucrose } & 1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { sucrose } \\
\hline \text { d. } 0.1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { sucrose } & 1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \text { sucrose } \\
\hline
\end{array}
$$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
07:34

Problem 96

Select the diagram that represents the shape of a red blood cell when placed in each of the following $\mathbf{a}$ to $\mathbf{e}:(12.8)$
Normal red blood cell
a. $0.9 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution
b. $10 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution
c. $0.01 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution
d. $5 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution
e. $1 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:17

Problem 97

Why does iodine dissolve in hexane, but not in water? (12.1)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:48

Problem 98

How do temperature and pressure affect the solubility of solids and gases in water? (12.3)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:56

Problem 99

Potassium nitrate has a solubility of $32 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$ in $100 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Determine if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}:(12.3)$
a. adding $32 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$ to 200 . $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. adding $19 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$ to 50 . $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
c. adding $68 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$ to 150 . $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:10

Problem 100

Potassium chloride has a solubility of $43 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ in $100 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ at $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Determine if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}:(12.3)$
a. adding $25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ to 100 . $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. adding $15 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ to $25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
c. adding $86 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ to $150 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:32

Problem 101

Indicate whether each of the following ionic compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: (12.3)
a. $\mathrm{KCl}$
b. $\mathrm{MgSO}_{4}$
c. $\mathrm{CuS}$
d. $\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}$
e. $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:01

Problem 102

Indicate whether each of the following ionic compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: (12.3)
a. $\mathrm{CuCO}_{3}$
b. $\mathrm{FeO}$
c. $\mathrm{Mg}_{3}\left(\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)_{2}$
d. $\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$
e. $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
08:49

Problem 103

Write the net ionic equation to show the formation of a solid (insoluble ionic compound) when the following solutions are mixed. Write none if no solid forms. (12.3)
a. $\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)$ and $\operatorname{LiCl}(a q)$
b. $\mathrm{NaCl}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}(a q)$
c. $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}(a q)$

SK
Sara Kolms
Numerade Educator
08:06

Problem 104

Write the net ionic equation to show the formation of a solid (insoluble ionic compound) when the following solutions are mixed. Write none if no solid forms. (12.3)
a. $\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(a q)$
b. $\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)$
c. $\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}(a q)$ and $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}(a q)$

Kim Trang Nguyen
Kim Trang Nguyen
Numerade Educator
01:07

Problem 105

If $\mathrm{NaCl}$ has a solubility of $36.0 \mathrm{~g}$ in $100 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, how many grams of water are needed to prepare a saturated solution containing $80.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ ? (12.3)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:16

Problem 106

If the solid $\mathrm{NaCl}$ in a saturated solution of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ continues to dissolve, why is there no change in the concentration of the $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution? (12.3)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:23

Problem 107

Calculate the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ of a solution containing $15.5 \mathrm{~g}^{2}$ of $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ and $75.5 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .(12.4)$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
02:19

Problem 108

Calculate the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ of a solution containing $26 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$ and $724 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} .$ (12.4)

Shalini Tyagi
Shalini Tyagi
Numerade Educator
00:37

Problem 109

How many milliliters of a $12 \%$ (v/v) propyl alcohol solution would you need to obtain $4.5 \mathrm{~mL}$ of propyl alcohol? (12.4)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:30

Problem 110

An 80-proof brandy is a $40 . \%$ (v/v) ethanol solution. The "proof" is twice the percent concentration of alcohol in the beverage. How many milliliters of alcohol are present in $750 \mathrm{~mL}$ of brandy? (12.4)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:33

Problem 111

How many liters of a $12 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{KOH}$ solution would you need to obtain $86.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KOH}$ ? (12.4)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:25

Problem 112

How many liters of a $5.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution would you need to obtain $75 \mathrm{~g}$ of glucose? (12.4)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:28

Problem 113

What is the molarity of a solution containing $8.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ in $400 . \mathrm{mL}$ of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution? (12.4)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:22

Problem 114

What is the molarity of a solution containing $15.6 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ in $274 \mathrm{~mL}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution? (12.4)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:30

Problem 115

How many milliliters of a $1.75 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{LiCl}$ solution contain $15.2 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{LiCl}$ ? (12.4)

Ma Ednelyn Lim
Ma Ednelyn Lim
Numerade Educator
00:36

Problem 116

How many milliliters of a $1.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaBr}$ solution contain $75.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaBr}$ ? (12.4)

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
03:48

Problem 117

How many liters of a $2.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KNO}_{3}$ solution can be prepared from $60.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$ ? (12.4)

Pronoy Sinha
Pronoy Sinha
Numerade Educator
01:53

Problem 118

How many liters of a $4.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution will provide $25.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ ? (12.4)

Lijeesh Krishnan
Lijeesh Krishnan
Numerade Educator
01:08

Problem 119

How many grams of solute are in each of the following solutions? (12.4)
a. $2.5 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $3.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}$ solution
b. $75 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}$ solution
c. $235 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $1.80 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{LiCl}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:11

Problem 120

How many grams of solute are in each of the following solutions? (12.4)
a. $0.428 \mathrm{~L}$ of a $0.450 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}$ solution
b. $10.5 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $2.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{AgNO}_{3}$ solution
c. $28.4 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:58

Problem 121

Calculate the final concentration of the solution when water is added to prepare each of the following: (12.5)
a. $25.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.200 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaBr}$ solution is diluted to $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$
b. $15.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $12.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution is diluted to $40.0 \mathrm{~mL}$
c. $75.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution is diluted to $255 \mathrm{~mL}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:10

Problem 122

Calculate the final concentration of the solution when water is added to prepare each of the following: (12.5)
a. $25.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of an $18.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution is diluted to $500 . \mathrm{mL}$
b. $50.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $15.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}$ solution is diluted to $125 \mathrm{~mL}$
c. $4.50 \mathrm{~mL}$ of an $8.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KOH}$ solution is diluted to $75.0 \mathrm{~mL}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:30

Problem 123

What is the initial volume, in milliliters, needed to prepare each of the following diluted solutions? (12.5)
a. $250 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $3.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{HCl}$ solution using a $10.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{HCl}$ solution
b. $500 . \mathrm{mL}$ of a $0.90 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution using a $5.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution
c. $350 . \mathrm{mL}$ of a $2.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution using a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:16

Problem 124

What is the initial volume, in milliliters, needed to prepare each of the following diluted solutions? (12.5)
a. $250 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $5.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution using a $20 . \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ glucose solution
b. $45.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $1.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution using a $5.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution
c. $100 . \mathrm{mL}$ of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution using an $18.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
02:00

Problem 125

What is the final volume, in milliliters, when $25.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of each of the following solutions is diluted to provide the given concentration? (12.5)
a. $10.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{HCl}$ solution to give a $2.50 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{HCl}$ solution
b. $5.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution to give a $1.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution
c. $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution to give a $0.500 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution

Chareen Guzman
Chareen Guzman
Numerade Educator
00:48

Problem 126

What is the final volume, in milliliters, when $5.00 \mathrm{~mL}$ of each of the following solutions is diluted to provide the given concentration? (12.5)
a. $20.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution to give a $4.00 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution
b. $0.600 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution to give a $0.100 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution
c. $16.0 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v}) \mathrm{NaOH}$ solution to give a $2.00 \%(\mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{v})$ $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:10

Problem 127

The antacid Amphojel contains aluminum hydroxide $\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}$. How many milliliters of a $6.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution are required to react with $60.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $2.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}$ solution? (12.6)
$$
3 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s) \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(a q)
$$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
03:56

Problem 128

Cadmium reacts with $\mathrm{HCl}$ to produce hydrogen gas and cadmium chloride. What is the molarity (M) of the $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution if $250 . \mathrm{mL}$ of the $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution reacts with excess cadmium to produce $4.20 \mathrm{~L}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2}$ gas measured at STP? (12.6)
$$
2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Cd}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{CdCl}_{2}(a q)
$$

Ronald Prasad
Ronald Prasad
Numerade Educator
19:33

Problem 129

Calculate the freezing point of each of the following solutions: (12.7)
a. $0.580 \mathrm{~mol}$ of lactose, a nonelectrolyte, added to $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
b. $45.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$, a strong electrolyte, dissolved in $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
c. $1.5 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$, a strong electrolyte, dissolved in $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water

Qiao Ruan
Qiao Ruan
Numerade Educator
08:38

Problem 130

Calculate the boiling point of each of the following solutions: $(12.7)$
a. $175 \mathrm{~g}$ of glucose, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}$, a nonelectrolyte, added to $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
b. $1.8 \mathrm{~mol}$ of $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$, a strong electrolyte, dissolved in $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
c. $50.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{LiNO}_{3}$, a strong electrolyte, dissolved in $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water

Shalini Tyagi
Shalini Tyagi
Numerade Educator
02:22

Problem 131

An antacid tablet, such as Amphojel, may be taken to reduce excess stomach acid, which is a $0.20 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution. If one dose of Amphojel contains $450 \mathrm{mg}$ of $\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}$, what volume, in milliliters, of stomach acid will be neutralized? (12.6)
$$
3 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}(s) \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)+\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}(a q)
$$

Adriano Chikande
Adriano Chikande
Numerade Educator
02:30

Problem 132

Calcium carbonate, $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$, reacts with stomach acid, $(\mathrm{HCl}$, hydrochloric acid) according to the following equation: (12.6)
Tums, an antacid, contains $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$. If Tums is added to $20.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of a $0.400 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$ solution, how many grams of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ gas are produced?

John Nicolle
John Nicolle
Numerade Educator
08:49

Problem 133

Write the net ionic equation to show the formation of a solid when the following solutions are mixed. Write none if no solid forms. (12.3)
a. $\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)$
b. $\operatorname{KCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)$
c. $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}(a q)+\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q)$
d. $\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}(a q)$

SK
Sara Kolms
Numerade Educator
08:37

Problem 134

Write the net ionic equation to show the formation of a solid when the following solutions are mixed. Write none if no solid forms. (12.3)
a. $\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)+\operatorname{NaBr}(a q)$
b. $\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}(a q)+\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(a q)$
c. $\mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}(a q)+\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}(a q)$
d. $\mathrm{NaOH}(a q)+\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}(a q)$

Crystal Wang
Crystal Wang
Numerade Educator
02:50

Problem 135

In a laboratory experiment, a $10.0-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution is poured into an evaporating dish with a mass of $24.10 \mathrm{~g}$. The combined mass of the evaporating dish and $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution is $36.15 \mathrm{~g}$. After heating, the evaporating dish and dry $\mathrm{NaCl}$ have a combined mass of $25.50 \mathrm{~g} .$ (12.4)
a. What is the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ of the $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution?
b. What is the molarity $(\mathrm{M})$ of the $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution?
c. If water is added to $10.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of the initial $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution to give a final volume of $60.0 \mathrm{~mL}$, what is the molarity of the diluted $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
04:57

Problem 136

In a laboratory experiment, a $15.0-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution is poured into an evaporating dish with a mass of $24.10 \mathrm{~g}$. The combined mass of the evaporating dish and $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution is $41.50 \mathrm{~g}$. After heating, the evaporating dish and dry $\mathrm{KCl}$ have a combined mass of $28.28 \mathrm{~g} .$ (12.4)
a. What is the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ of the $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution?
b. What is the molarity (M) of the $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution?
c. If water is added to $10.0 \mathrm{~mL}$ of the initial $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution to give a final volume of $60.0 \mathrm{~mL}$, what is the molarity of the diluted $\mathrm{KCl}$ solution?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:53

Problem 137

Potassium fluoride has a solubility of $92 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KF}$ in $100 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ at $18^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Determine if each of the following mixtures forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at $18^{\circ} \mathrm{C}:(12.3)$
a. adding $35 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KF}$ to $25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. adding $42 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KF}$ to 50 . $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
c. adding $145 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KF}$ to $150 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
00:53

Problem 138

Potassium fluoride has a solubility of $92 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KF}$ in $100 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ at $18^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Determine if each of the following mixtures forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at $18^{\circ} \mathrm{C}:(12.3)$
a. adding $35 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KF}$ to $25 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
b. adding $42 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KF}$ to 50 . $\mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
c. adding $145 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KF}$ to $150 . \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:32

Problem 139

A solution is prepared with $70.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ and $130.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$. The $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ solution has a density of $1.21 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}$. (12.4)
a. What is the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ of the $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$ solution?
b. What is the total volume, in milliliters, of the solution?
c. What is the mass/volume percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{v})$ of the solution?
d. What is the molarity (M) of the solution?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:58

Problem 140

A solution is prepared by dissolving $22.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ in $118.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of water. The $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution has a density of $1.15 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} .(12.4)$
a. What is the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ of the $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution?
b. What is the total volume, in milliliters, of the solution?
c. What is the mass/volume percent ( $\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{v})$ of the solution?
d. What is the molarity (M) of the solution?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
03:37

Problem 141

A 355 -mL sample of a $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution reacts with excess $\mathrm{Mg}$ to produce $4.20 \mathrm{~L}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2}$ gas measured at $745 \mathrm{mmHg}$ and $35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
What is the molarity (M) of the $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution? (12.6)
$$
2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Mg}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\operatorname{MgCl}_{2}(a q)
$$

Ronald Prasad
Ronald Prasad
Numerade Educator
03:37

Problem 142

A $255-\mathrm{mL}$ sample of a $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution reacts with excess Ca to produce $14.0 \mathrm{~L}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2}$ gas measured at $732 \mathrm{mmHg}$ and $22{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
What is the molarity (M) of the $\mathrm{HCl}$ solution? (12.6)
$$
2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{Ca}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}(a q)
$$

Ronald Prasad
Ronald Prasad
Numerade Educator
06:58

Problem 143

How many moles of each of the following strong electrolytes are needed to give the same freezing point lowering as $1.2 \mathrm{~mol}$ of the nonelectrolyte ethylene glycol in $1 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water? (12.7)
a. $\mathrm{NaCl}$
b. $\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}$

Shalini Tyagi
Shalini Tyagi
Numerade Educator
06:58

Problem 144

How many moles of each of the following are needed to give the same freezing point lowering as $3.0 \mathrm{~mol}$ of the nonelectrolyte ethylene glycol in $1 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water? (12.7)
a. $\mathrm{CH}_{4} \mathrm{O}$, a nonelectrolyte
b. $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$, a strong electrolyte

Shalini Tyagi
Shalini Tyagi
Numerade Educator
01:18

Problem 145

The boiling point of a $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution is $101.04^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. (12.7)
a. What is the molality $(m)$ of the solute particles in the $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution?
b. What is the freezing point of the $\mathrm{NaCl}$ solution?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:39

Problem 146

The freezing point of a $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution is $-25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .(12.7)$
a. What is the molality $(m)$ of the solute particles in the $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution?
b. What is the boiling point of the $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ solution?

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator
01:45

Problem 147

Calculate the freezing point of each of the following solutions:
a. $1.36 \mathrm{~mol}$ of methanol, $\mathrm{CH}_{4} \mathrm{O}$, a nonelectrolyte, added to $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
b. 640 . $\mathrm{g}$ of the antifreeze propylene glycol, $\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}$, a nonelectrolyte, dissolved in $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
c. $111 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{KCl}$, a strong electrolyte, dissolved in $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water

Lijeesh Krishnan
Lijeesh Krishnan
Numerade Educator
08:38

Problem 148

Calculate the boiling point of each of the following solutions:
a. $2.12 \mathrm{~mol}$ of glucose, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}$, a nonelectrolyte, added to $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
b. 110 . $\mathrm{g}$ of sucrose, $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$, a nonelectrolyte, dissolved in $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water
c. $146 \mathrm{~g}$ of $\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}$, a strong electrolyte, dissolved in $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of water

Shalini Tyagi
Shalini Tyagi
Numerade Educator