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Introducing Morphology

Rochelle Lieber

Chapter 9

Sounds and Shapes: The Interface between Morphology and Phonology - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

05:58

Problem 1

The following forms are from Wappo (Yukian) (Thompson, Park, and Li 2006: 125-7). The first set of examples is glossed for you. Using them as a model, first analyze the next two sets of data and then answer the questions below.
Once you have segmented and glossed the (b) and (c) sets of data, list all the allomorphs of all morphemes. Is all of the allomorphy predictable? Where you can, explain informally what seems to determine the distribution of the allomorphs.

Ajiboye Tunde
Ajiboye Tunde
Numerade Educator

Problem 2

In Tagalog, the circumfix $k a \ldots$ an creates nouns designating the class or group of whatever the base denotes. Identify all allomorphs in the forms below and explain their distribution using informal phonological rules (Schachter and Otanes 1972: 101):

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Problem 3

The Dutch diminutive has several allomorphs. Determine what they are, and explain their distribution (De Haas and Trommelen 1993: 279):
HINT: Examples a-d have short vowels in their final syllables. Examples n$\mathrm{q}$ have long vowels or diphthongs in their last syllables.

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Problem 4

Form the plurals of the following words in English, and transcribe them in the IPA:
a. How many allomorphs are there for the plural morpheme in English?
b. Which of the allomorphs makes the best candidate for the underlying form of the plural morpheme?
c. Formulate a phonological rule that derives the various allomorphs of the plural morpheme from the underlying form.

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Problem 5

Thinking about the pattern you discovered in exercise 4 , now consider the plurals of the following words:
wolf
calf
house
mouth
elf
knife
How do these differ from the plurals you discussed above?

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02:25

Problem 6

In exercise 1 of Chapter 5 you looked at a process of infixation in the Austronesian language Leti. Some of the data you looked at there are given again in (a) (Blevins 1999):
\text { Now compare those data to the ones in (b): }
What are the two allomorphs of the nominalizing affix in Leti? What determines which allomorph goes with which bases?

Adriano Chikande
Adriano Chikande
Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Consider the data below from the Mayan language Tzutujil (Dayley 1985: 206-7):
Identify all allomorphs and try to state the conditions under which each occurs. What morphophonological process is illustrated by the data in the second column?

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Problem 8

The following data are from the constructed language (conlang) Dothraki that figures in the HBO TV series Game of Thrones. Consider the forms below. Segment the forms in the second column into a base and a suffix and give a meaning for the suffix. What are the allomorphs of this suffix? Propose an underlying form and phonological rules to derive the surface forms from the underlying form (data from
http://wiki.dothraki.org/Derivational_morphology).

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Problem 9

Consider the data below from Hopi, a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in the southwestern part of the United States (data from Jeanne 1982: 246-8). Describe the allomorphy that is exhibited in the future tense in Hopi. Propose an underlying form for each verb and state the phonological rules that can be used to derive the surface forms from the underlying forms.

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Problem 10

Pame is an Otomanguean language spoken in Mexico. Identify the singular/dual and plural affixes in Pame. If you observe allomorphy of either affix or base, describe the allomorphy, and propose underlying forms and phonological rules deriving the surface form from the underlying form (data from Gibson and Bartholemew 1979: 310).

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