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Motor Learning and Control: From Theory to Practice

William Edwards

Chapter 7

Stages of Learning - all with Video Answers

Educators

Section 1

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW?

00:46

Problem 1

In Fitts and Posner's three-stage model of learning, the stage in which subverbalization is most evident is the $\qquad$ stage.
a. cognitive
b. perceptual
c. associative
d. autonomous

Tanner Fonjweng
Tanner Fonjweng
Numerade Educator
01:48

Problem 2

In which stage of Fitts and Posner's stages of learning model are skills controlled primarily by procedural memory?
a. Cognitive
b. Perceptual
c. Associative
d. Autonomous

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
02:10

Problem 3

Which word best describes the functions of the second stage of learning in Vereijken's dynamical systems model of the stages of learning?
a. Freezing
b. Freeing
c. Elaborating
d. Exploiting

Tanner Fonjweng
Tanner Fonjweng
Numerade Educator

Problem 4

According to the dynamical systems theory of learning, learners can best be thought of as
a. passive receivers of information.
b. cognitive processors of instructions.
c. active problem solvers.
d. duplicators of visually modeled activities.

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Problem 5

In order for the practice of a motor skill to be deliberate, which of the following characteristics need not be true?
a. Motivated by the goal of improvement
b. Requires effort and work-like intensity
c. Engaged in for hours on most days
d. Experienced as being enjoyable

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01:34

Problem 6

As a general rule, achieving expertise in a sport (or other skill) requires a commitment to deliberate practice for a minimum of
a. 5 years.
b. 10 years.
c. 15 years.
d. one-half the number of years as a person's age.

Emily Himsel
Emily Himsel
Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Which stage of learning in Vereijken's dynamical systems model of learning stages is analogous to the cognitive stage of learning in the Fitts and Posner model?

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Problem 8

According to the dynamical systems theory of learning, in what stage of learning have synergies been mostly developed?

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Problem 9

The elastic properties of muscles are a type of $\qquad$ constraint that individuals can learn to exploit in solving movement problems.

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Problem 10

$\qquad$ to affordances is the process by which individuals develop their abilities to recognize perceptual cues and couple them with appropriate movement responses.

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Problem 11

Bernstein labeled the strategy adopted by beginners of locking some joints and coupling others in order to reduce the cognitive demands on motor control as $\qquad$ the degrees of freedom.

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Problem 12

What kind of abilities are the most essential in the associative stage of learning according to Ackerman?

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