Biology

Eldra P. Solomon, Charles E. Martin, Diana W. Martin,

Chapter 35

Stem Structure and Transport - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Axillary buds are located (a) at the tips of stems (b) in unusual places, such as on roots (c) in the region between two successive nodes (d) in the upper angle between a leaf and the stem to which it is attached
(e) within the loosely arranged cells of lenticels

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Ground tissue in monocot stems performs the same functions as ______ and _______ in herbaceous eudicot stems.
(a) phloem; xylem (b) cork cambium; vascular cambium (c) epidermis; periderm (d) primary xylem; secondary xylem (e) cortex; pith

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Which of the following statements is false? (a) primary growth is an increase in the length of a plant (b) primary growth occurs at both apical and lateral meristems (c) all plants have primary growth (d) herbaceous stems have primary growth, whereas woody stems have both primary and secondary growth (e) buds are embryonic shoots that contain apical meristems

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

The two lateral meristems responsible for secondary growth are (a) phloem and xylem (b) cork cambium and vascular cambium (c) epidermis and periderm (d) primary xylem and secondary xylem (e) cortex and pith

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Cork cambium and the tissues it produces are collectively called (a) periderm (b) lenticels (c) cortex (d) epidermis (e) wood

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Each annual ring in a section of wood represents one year's growth of (a) primary xylem (b) secondary xylem (c) primary xylem or secondary xylem in alternate years (d) primary phloem (e) secondary phloem

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Water potential is (a) the formation of a proton gradient across a cell membrane (b) the transport of a watery solution of sugar in phloem (c) the transport of water in both xylem and phloem (d) the removal of sucrose at the sink, causing water to move out of the sieve tubes (e) the free energy of water in a particular situation

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Which of the following is a mechanism of water movement in xylem that is responsible for guttation? (a) pressure-flow (b) tension-cohesion (c) root pressure (d) active transport of potassium ions into guard cells (e) transpiration

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Which of the following is a mechanism of water movement in xylem that combines the evaporative pull of transpiration with the cohesive and adhesive properties of water?
(a) pressureflow (b) tension-cohesion (c) root pressure (d) active transport of potassium ions into guard cells (e) guttation

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which of the following is a mechanism of phloem transport in which dissolved sugar is moved by means of a pressure gradient that exists between the source and the sink? (a) pressure-flow (b) tension-cohesion (c) root pressure (d) active transport of potassium ions into guard cells (e) guttation

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

How does increasing solute concentration affect water potential? (a) water potential becomes more positive
(b) water potential becomes more negative (c) water potential becomes more positive under certain conditions and more negative under other conditions (d) water potential is not affected by solute concentration (e) water potential is always zero when solutes are dissolved in water

Danielle Ashley

Danielle Ashley

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Sketch side by side two daughter cells formed after mitosis of a meristematic cell in the vascular cambium of a eudicot stem. Label the cell formed toward the interior of the stem a meristematic cell. Should the daughter cell formed toward the outside be labeled primary xylem, primary phloem, secondary xylem, or secondary phloem?

Josee Pacheco

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

When a strip of bark is peeled off a tree branch, what tissues are usually removed?

Josee Pacheco

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Could a tree grow to a height of $150 \mathrm{m}(488 \mathrm{ft}) ?$ Why or why not?

Josee Pacheco

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Like stems in general, some vines are herbaceous and others are woody. Tropical rain forests have a greater diversity of vines than in any other environment on Earth, and most of these vines are woody. Develop a hypothesis to explain why natural selection has favored the evolution of more species of woody vines (as opposed to herbaceous vines) in tropical rain forests.

Josee Pacheco

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

A plant cell with a water potential $\Psi_{w}=-1.5$ MPa is adjacent to a second cell with $\Psi_{w}=-1.8$ MPa. Will water flow by osmosis from one cell to the other? If so, in which direction?

Josee Pacheco

Numerade Educator