Chapter Questions
The notion that health is governed by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is referred to as the:A. medical modelB. multifactorial model.C. biopsychosocial model.D. interactive model.
The four principal types of stress are:A. frustration, conflict, pressure, and anxiety.B. frustration, anger, pressure, and change.C. anger, anxiety, depression, and annoyance.D. frustration, conflict, pressure, and change.
You want very badly to ask someone for a date, but you are afraid to risk rejection. You are experiencing:A. an approach-avoidance conflict.B. an avoidance-avoidance conflict.C. optimized arousal.D. conformity pressure.
Research suggests that a high level of arousal may be most optimal for the performance of a task when:A. the task is complex.B. the task is simple.C. the rewards are high.D. an audience is present.
The alarm stage of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is essentially the same as:A. the fight-or-flight response.B. constructive coping.C. approach-avoidance conflict.D. secondary appraisal.
The brain structure responsible for initiating action along the two major pathways through which the brain sends signals to the endocrine system is theA. hypothalamus.B. thalamus.C. corpus callosum.D. medulla.
Which of the following is accurate in regard to defense mechanisms?A. There are many different defense mechanisms.B. They are used to ward off unpleasant emotions.C. They work through self-deception.D. All of the above are accurate.
Which element of the Type A personality seems to be most strongly related to increased coronary risk?A. Time consciousnessB. PerfectionismC. AmbitiousnessD. Hostility
Research has found that optimists are more likely than pessimists to:A. take their time in confronting problems.B. identify the negatives before they identify the positives.C. engage in action-oriented, problem-focused coping.D. seek social support only after they have exhausted all individual efforts to deal with the problem.
Which of the following has not been found to be a mode of transmission for the HIV virus?A. Sexual contact among homosexual menB. The sharing of needles by intravenous drug usersC. Heterosexual contactD. Sharing food
The fact that health is governed by a dense network of factors is an illustration of the theme of:A. psychology in a sociohistorical context.B. the phenomenology of experience.C. multifactorial causation.D. empiricism.
In evaluating health statistics, it is useful to:A. remember that statistical significance is equivalent to practical significance.B. remember that correlation is a reliable indicator of causation.C. consider base rates in thinking about probabilities.D. do all of the above.