Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology

Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew

Chapter 8

The Appendicular Skeleton - all with Video Answers

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Chapter Questions

Problem 1

In the following photographs of the scapula, identify the three views $(\mathrm{a}-\mathrm{c})$ and the indicated bone markings $(\mathrm{d}-\mathrm{g})$.

Qudsiya Anis

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 2

Which of the following is primarily responsible for stabilizing, positioning, and bracing the pectoral girdles? (a) tendons, (b) ligaments, (c) the joint shape, (d) muscles, (e) the shape of the bones within the joint.

Courtney Titus

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Problem 3

In the following drawing of the pelvis, label the structures indicated.

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 4

In anatomical position, the ulna lies (a) medial to the radius, (b) lateral to the radius, (c) inferior to the radius,
(d) superior to the radius.

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 5

The point of the elbow is actually the of the ulna. (a) styloid process, (b) olecranon, (c) coronoid process, (d) trochlear notch.

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 6

The bones of the hand articulate distally with the (a) carpal bones, (b) ulna and radius, (c) metacarpal bones, (d) phalanges.

Joanna Quigley

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Problem 7

The epiphysis of the femur articulates with the pelvis at the (a) pubic symphysis, (b) acetabulum, (c) sciatic notch, (d) obturator foramen.

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 8

What is the name of the flexible sheet that interconnects the radius and ulna (and the tibia and fibula)?

Alexander Burbelo

Alexander Burbelo

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Problem 9

Name the components of each hip bone.

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 10

Which seven bones make up the ankle (tarsus)?

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 11

The presence of tubercles on bones indicates the positions of (a) tendons and ligaments, (b) muscle attachment, (c) ridges and flanges, (d) a and b.

Carlene Jimenez

Carlene Jimenez

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Problem 12

At the glenoid cavity, the scapula articulates with the proximal end of the (a) humerus, (b) radius, (c) ulna, (d) femur.

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 13

All of the following are structural characteristics of the female pelvic girdle compared to the male pelvic girdle with either one or two exceptions. Identify the exception(s). (a) The female pelvis is adapted for childbearing, (b) The female pelvic girdle is generally lighter than the male pelvic girdle, (c) Relaxin produced by the male pelvic girdle loosens the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints, (d) The shape of the female pelvic girdle is the same as that of the male, (e) Answers $c$ and $d$ are exceptions.

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 14

The large foramen between the pubic ramus and ischial ramus is the (a) foramen magnum, (b) suborbital foramen, (c) acetabulum, (d) obturator foramen.

Qudsiya Anis

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Problem 15

Which of the following skeletal characteristics is an adaption for childbearing? (a) inferior angle of $100^{\circ}$ or more between the pubic bones, (b) a relatively broad, low pelvis, (c) less curvature of the sacrum and coccyx, (d) All of these are correct.

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 16

The fibula (a) forms an important part of the knee joint, (b) articulates with the femur, (c) helps to bear the weight of the body,
(d) provides lateral stability to the ankle, (e) does (a) and (b).

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 17

The tarsal bone that accepts weight and distributes it to the heel or toes is the (a) cuneiform, (b) calcaneus, (c) talus, (d) navicular.

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 18

What is the difference in skeletal structure between the pelvic girdle and the pelvis?

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 19

Jack injures himself playing hockey, and the physician who examines him informs him that he has dislocated his pollex. What part of Jack's body did he injure? (a) his arm, (b) his leg, (c) his hip, (d) his thumb, (e) his shoulder.

Tate Hilken

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Problem 20

Why would a self-defense instructor advise a student to strike an assailant's clavicle?

Salamat Ali

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Problem 21

The pelvis (a) protects the upper abdominal organs, (b) contains bones from both the axial and appendicular skeletons, (c) is composed of the coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx, (d) does all of these, (e) does (b) and (c).

Allison Reynolds

Allison Reynolds

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Problem 22

Why is the tibia, but not the fibula, involved in the transfer of weight to the ankle and foot?

Andrei Demkov

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Problem 23

In determining the age of a skeleton, all of the following pieces of information would be helpful except (a) the number of cranial sutures, (b) the size and roughness of the markings of the bones, (c) the presence or absence of fontanelles, (d) the presence or absence of epiphyseal cartilages, $(\mathrm{e})$ the types of minerals deposited in the bones.

Carlene Jimenez

Carlene Jimenez

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Problem 24

Why would a person suffering from osteoporosis be more likely to suffer a hip fracture than a broken shoulder?

Emily Marty

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Problem 25

While Fred, a fireman, is fighting a fire in a building, part of the ceiling collapses, and a beam strikes him on his left shoulder. He is rescued, but has a great deal of pain in his shoulder. He cannot move his arm properly, especially in the anterior direction. His clavicle is not broken, and his humerus is intact. What is the probable nature of Fred's injury?

Josee Pacheco

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Problem 26

Archaeologists find the pelvis of a primitive human and are able to identify the sex, the relative age, and some physical characteristics of the individual. How is this possible from only the pelvis?

David Collins

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