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Human Anatomy & Physiology

Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn

Chapter 14

The Autonomic Nervous System - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

02:15

Problem 1

All of the following characterize the ANS except (a) a two-neuron efferent chain, (b) presence of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, (c) presence of neuron cell bodies in the ganglia, (d) innervation of skeletal muscles.

Bryan Lynn
Bryan Lynn
Numerade Educator
00:44

Problem 2

Relate each of the following terms or phrases to either the sympathetic (S) or parasympathetic (P) division of the autonomic nervous system:
__________(1) short preganglionic, long postganglionic fibers
__________(2) intramural ganglia
__________(3) craniosacral part
__________(4) adrenergic fibers
__________(5) cervical ganglia
__________(6) otic and ciliary ganglia
__________(7) generally short-duration action
__________(8) increases heart rate and blood pressure
__________(9) increases gastric motility and secretion of lacrimal, salivary, and digestive juices
__________(10) innervates blood vessels
__________(11) most active when you are relaxing in a hammock
__________(12) active when you are running in the Boston Marathon

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:08

Problem 3

The white rami communicantes contain what kind of fibers?
(a) preganglionic parasympathetic, (b) postganglionic parasympathetic, (c) preganglionic sympathetic, (d) postganglionic sympathetic.

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:06

Problem 4

Collateral sympathetic ganglia are involved with innervating
(a) abdominal organs, (b) thoracic organs, (c) head, (d) arrector pili, (e) all of these.

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:12

Problem 5

Which ANS fibers release acetylcholine? Which release norepinephrine?

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:06

Problem 6

Where are the cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons?

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:37

Problem 7

Briefly explain why the following terms are sometimes used to refer to the autonomic nervous system: involuntary nervous system and emotional-visceral system.

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:23

Problem 8

Describe the anatomical relationship of the white and gray rami communicantes to the spinal nerve, and indicate the kind of fibers found in each ramus type.

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:23

Problem 9

Indicate the results of sympathetic activation of the following structures: sweat glands, eye pupils, adrenal medullae, heart, bronchioles of the lungs, liver, blood vessels of vigorously working skeletal muscles, blood vessels of digestive viscera, salivary glands.

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:06

Problem 10

Which of the effects listed in response to question 9 would be reversed by parasympathetic activity?

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:24

Problem 11

Describe the meaning and importance of sympathetic tone and parasympathetic tone.

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
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Problem 12

Describe the importance of the hypothalamus in controlling the autonomic nervous system.

Emily Himsel
Emily Himsel
Numerade Educator
00:11

Problem 13

Tiffany, a $21-$ year-old college student, is having trouble sleeping, cries frequently, and has recurrent thoughts of suicide. An antidepressant is prescribed. Like many such drugs, this antidepressant has anticholinergic side effects. What side effects might Tiffany experience in the first week of treatment?

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:19

Problem 14

As the aroma of freshly brewed coffee drifted by dozing Henry's nose, his mouth started to water and his stomach began to rumble. Explain his reactions in terms of ANS activity.

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:14

Problem 15

Mr. Johnson suffers from urinary retention and a hypoactive urinary bladder. Bethanechol, a drug that mimics acetylcholine's autonomic effects, is prescribed to manage his problem. First explain the rationale for prescribing bethanechol, and then predict which of the following adverse effects Mr. Johnson might experience while taking this drug (select all that apply): dizziness, low blood pressure, deficient tear formation, wheezing, increased mucus production in bronchi, deficient salivation, diarrhea, cramping, excessive sweating, undesirable erection of penis.

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator
00:21

Problem 16

A 32 -year-old woman complains of intermittent aching pains in the medial two fingers of both hands. During such episodes, the fingers become blanched and then blue. Her history is taken, and it is noted that she is a heavy smoker. The physician advises her that she must stop smoking and states that she will not prescribe any medication until the patient has discontinued smoking for a month. What is this patient's condition, and why was she told to stop smoking?

Alexander Burbelo
Alexander Burbelo
Numerade Educator