Chapter Questions
Describe the general structure, function, and location of the heart.
Distinguish between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium.
Compare the layers of the cardiac wall.
Identify and describe the location of the chambers and the values of the heart.
Describe the skeleton of the heart and explain its function.
Trace the path of blood through the heart.
Trace the path of blood through the coronary circulation.
Describe a cardiac cycle.
Describe the pressure changes that occur in the atria and ventricles during a cardiac cycle.
Explain the origin of heart sounds.
Describe the arrangement of the cardiac muscle fibers.
Distinguish between the $S-A$ node and $A-V$ node.
Explain how the cardiac conduction system functions in the control of the cardiac cycle.
Describe a normal ECG pattern and explain the significance of its various waves.
Discuss how the nervous system functions in the regulation of the cardiac cycle.
Explain how plasma levels of potassium and calcium affect the cardiac cycle.
Define cardiac arrhythmia and describe several forms.
Distinguish between an artery and an arteriole.
Explain how vasoconstriction and vasodilation are controlled.
Describe the structure and function of a capillary
Explain how the blood flow through a capillary is controlled.
Explain how diffusion functions in the exchange of substances between plasma and tissue fluid.
Explain why water and dissolved substances leave the arteriole end of a capillary and enter the venule end.
Describe the effect of histamine on a capillary
Define edema and identify some possible causes of this condition
Distinguish between a venule and a vein.
Explain how veins function as blood reservoirs.
Distinguish between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.
Discuss some of the lactors that increase susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
Describe varicose veins and explain why they occur.
Distinguish between systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
Name several factors that influence blood pressure and explain how each produces its effect.
Describe how blood pressure is controlled
List the factors that promote the flow of venous blood.
Define central venous pressure.
Define hypertension and explain some possible causes of this condition.
Distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system.
Trace the path of blood through the pulmonary circuit.
Explain why the alveoli normally remain dry.
Describe the aorta and name its principal branches.
On a diagram, locate and identity the major arteries that supply the abdominal visceral organs.
On a diagram, locate and identily the major arteries that supply parts in the head and neck.
On a diagram, locate and identily the major arteries that supply parts in the shoulder and arm.
On a diagram, locate and identity the major arteries that supply parts in the thoracic and abdominal walls
On a diagram, locate and identity the major arteries that supply parts in the pelvis and leg.
Describe the relationship between the major venous pathways and the major arterial pathways.
On a diagram, locate and identity the major veins that drain parts in the head and neck
On a diagram, locate and identity the major veins that drain parts in the arm and shoulder.
On a diagram, locate and identify the major veins that drain parts in the abdominal and thoracic walls.
On a diagram, locate and identify the major veins that drain parts of the abdominal viscera
Review the actions of the liver on nutrients carried in the portal veins.
On a diagram, locate and identify the major veins that drain parts of the leg and pelvis.